TL;DR
It was found that zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and thallium (Tl) were associated with increased hemoglobin levels in children, and copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and lead (Pb) were associated with decreased hemoglobin levels.
Findings highlight the toxicological relevance of metal mixtures in cardiovascular disease and underscore the need for mechanistic studies to establish causality.
Metal exposure, particularly to cobalt, is associated with reduced hemoglobin levels and increased anemia risk in the general population, and these associations may be partly attributable to metabolic disturbances in steroid and BCAA pathways, offering novel metabolomic insights into metal-related anemia.
Exposure to metal mixtures is significantly associated with obesity in U.S. children, with manganese showing the strongest association and Cd, Pb, and Co showing the strongest negative associations.
Insulin resistance might be a crucial mediated pathway between Se and outcomes and three multi-pollutant models revealed positive associations between metal mixtures and SUA as well as HUA, with Se being the primary contributor.
The findings suggest an association between urinary multi-metal mixtures and adult asthma but do not establish causality and suggest potential nonlinear and pairwise patterns involving multiple metals, particularly U, Ti and vanadium (V), but these findings were exploratory and do not establish synergistic toxicity.
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