Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and predictors of complications in patients with lung cancer

Abstract

Objective. To study the relationship between lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases and to identify factors that influence prognosis in patients with both conditions. Materials and methods. Data were collected from peer-reviewed articles published between 2001 and 2024 and sourced from PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, and other academic platforms. This period encompasses the primary clinical studies addressing the issue. The search terms included lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, complications, risk factors, and prevention. Results. The global incidence of malignant neoplasms is rising, with lung cancer occupying a predominant position. In the Russian Federation, respiratory and thoracic cancers account for nearly 19% of mortality due to malignancies, with men being affected four times more frequently than women. In lung cancer survivors, complications arising from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) significantly contribute to mortality rates. Among the known predictors of lung cancer in patients with CVD, the level of coronary calcium merits particular attention. Furthermore, cumulative radiation exposure and chronic inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer in these patients. Numerous modifiable risk factors, notably tobacco smoking, are critical in the development of both lung cancer and CVD. Conclusion. It is recommended that patients with lung cancer undergo screening to assess their cardiovascular risk and related complications. Effective management of smoking behaviors can improve the prognosis for patients with both conditions. Given the significance of the comorbidity with cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer, further large-scale studies focused on the prevention of their complications are warranted.