IoT-based Smart Home Automation with Adaptive Environmental Control and Energy Monitoring

Abstract

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the development of intelligent systems that enhance automation, energy efficiency, and security in modern homes. The design and implementation of this paper are presented. A smart home automation system based on the Arduino, an IoT system. R4 WiFi microcontroller. The system measures the varying environmental parameters of the temperature, humidity and light intensity in the ambient environment with the help of DHT11 and LDR sensors. The system works out the concepts of regulating the conditions inside with the help of the measures of the fans speed regulation with the help of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) with the L298N motor driver and with the capabilities of the regulating the brightness of the lights by means of the adaptive dimming technique. Besides automating the environment it is also possible to add an ACS712 current sensor to the system to measure the real-time energy consumption and send the information to the Arduino IoT Cloud to be monitored remotely. The integration of an IR sensor to identify motion, a smoke sensor to detect fire hazards and a solenoid door lock with a relay module is used to enhance the security features. The LED matrix built-in gives immediate visual indication on the system status. The proposed system will provide an economical and scalable system to current smart home applications by integrating environmental control, energy monitoring, and security functionality into one platform.