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small language model

3,130 papers

#large language models Book Open access Sep 2026

Designing Growth Mindset-Inspired Feedback Messages Tailored to Learning Behaviors Using LLM and Persuasive Strategies

This work introduces a four-part feedback message structure inspired by the growth mindset principle, which encourages students to reflect, persist, and embrace challenges, and provides an initial foundation for explainable, rule-based feedback generation that can be extended through experimentation with learners.

M. Omar, Parham Moradi, Ogoti Sasha et al. · 0 citations

Employing General-Purpose and Biomedical Large Language Models with Advanced Prompt Engineering for Pharmacoepidemiologic Study Design

Off-the-shelf general-purpose general-purpose LLMs currently offered more reliable support for pharmacoepidemiologic study design than the smaller biomedical LLMs evaluated.

Xin-Yao Zhang, Nicole Sonne Heckmann, Manuela Del Castillo Suero et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

Exploring Climate-Related Anxiety Through Social Media Content

This study explores climate-related anxiety as expressed through social media discussions on Reddit. Using natural language processing techniques, we analyse large-scale textual data to identify recurring themes, emotional patterns, and how these evolve over time. Text data was preprocessed and analysed using BERTopic...

Karim Elsharkawy, Z. Rehman, Vikrant Kumar et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

PhysioAI: Clinical Knowledge-Guided Semantic Supervision for Skeleton-Based Physiotherapy Action Recognition

PhysioAI, a clinical knowledge-guided semantic supervision framework that injects structured physiotherapy knowledge into skeleton representation learning, is proposed, demonstrating that structured clinical knowledge can serve as an effective source of training-time supervision for physiotherapy action recognition.

Jie Cao, Euijoon Ahn, Anwar Hassan et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

LLM Parkinsonism: Executive-Control Failure, Token-Inefficient Persistence, and a Global Executive Control Architecture for Autonomous Language-Model Agents

Large language models (LLMs) can plan, write code, call tools, manipulate software, and execute long-horizon workflows. Yet strong local competence does not guarantee project-level executive control. An agent can make large, useful early advances and then shift toward progressively smaller, lower-value actions—addition...

Dongsheng Xiao · 0 citations
#explainable ai Open access Sep 2026

PREreview of "The widening evaluation gap in medical large language model research 2023 to 2026"

This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/22734670. What the paper claims This is an evidence map of 11,628 PubMed-indexed records on generative language models in healthcare, January 2023 to June 2026, built to answer one...

Evgeny V. Arsentyev · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Sep 2026

AccessDetector: Android accessibility audit dataset (720 screens x 3 VLMs, 9-tag taxonomy, human-validated ground truth)

Dataset and analytics produced by the AccessDetector pipeline: 835 captured Android screens across 138 apps with valid captures (from 140 explored), audited by 3 vision-language models (GPT-5.4, Claude Sonnet 4.6, Gemini 2.5 Pro) under a 9-tag accessibility taxonomy. The analytic universe of the paper is the 720-screen...

Benjamin Gonzalez Briones · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

What Lifts the Liquid Is Not Surface Tension but Its Difference ── Wine at 12 per cent is 0.039445 N/m; evaporation to 10 raises it to 0.042828 ── the difference of 0.003383 N/m lifts a 20 μm film by 17.25 mm ── pure water has the largest tension and no difference, so it makes no tears ── [Paper 452]

The greater the surface tension, the higher the liquid climbs──so it is thought. This paper shows that what lifts the liquid is not the tension but its difference──which is why pure water, with the largest tension of all, makes no tears. No new theorem or law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new theorem...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Sep 2026

An audit of presentation-form corruption in 341 public Arabic datasets

A measured sweep of 341 public Arabic-language datasets on the Hugging Face Hub for text corrupted by the widespread arabic_reshaper.reshape() + python-bidi get_display() pre-shaping recipe, which stores Arabic as Unicode presentation forms in visual order rather than as logical-order text. Method. Datasets were read t...

Syamjith NK · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

An Edge-AI-Driven Crystal Structure Exploration Tool for Secondary School Chemistry: Design and Implementation

Crystal structure is one of the most abstract topics in secondary school chemistry. Textbookspresent three-dimensional lattices as flat diagrams, and physical models cannot be modified, sostudents often memorize conclusions such as "NaCl has a coordination number of 6" withoutunderstanding how structure determines prop...

Kerong He · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Both Improved 7.2446-Fold and the Ratio Never Moved ── Improving at two per cent a year, capability rises 7.2446-fold over a century while the ratio stays at exactly 1.000000000 ── let one side stop and the odds move from 0.5 to 0.878803 ── one runs not to overtake but not to fall ── [Paper 438]

Improving is expected to bring advantage. This paper shows that if the other improves as much, nothing changes──and that stopping nonetheless costs a great deal. No new theorem or law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new theorem or law is claimed──the Red Queen hypothesis, coevolution and relative fitne...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Raising the Lift Coefficient by Sixty Per Cent Lowers the Stall Speed by Twenty ── Taking the maximum lift coefficient from 1.5 to 2.5, a factor of 1.6667, takes the stall speed only from 99.3694 to 76.9712 km/h, a factor of 0.7746 ── because it acts through a square root ── and 0.4518 at 25 degrees is worse than 1.2990 at 10 ── [Paper 458]

Fit a high-lift device and you fly correspondingly slower──so it is thought. This paper shows that the lift coefficient acts on the stall speed only through a square root──a factor of 1.6667 buys a drop of 22.5 per cent. No new theorem or law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new theorem or law is claime...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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