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natural language processing

8,786 papers

Foundations of Large Language Models

This book is intended for college students, professionals, and practitioners in natural language processing and related fields, and can serve as a reference for anyone interested in large language models.

Tong Xiao, Jing-Bo Zhu · 27 citations · ⚡1
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

How Do Users Negotiate Harmful Value Conflicts with AI Companions? A Study with Minion, a Technology Probe for In-Situ Human-AI Conflict Response

AI companions increasingly sustain long-term, emotionally engaging relationships but can also make discriminatory remarks or exert control, leaving users to manage harmful conflicts. We analyze 146 posts describing harmful value conflicts with AI companions, then use Minion, a technology probe offering response suggest...

Qing Xiao, Xianzhe Fan, Xuhui Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

IatroBench: A Pre-Registered Benchmark of Clinical Omission in Language Models

A strongly safety-trained model will provide a doctor with a benzodiazepine taper schedule, but not a patient who asks for one. The model knows the information, but how much it shares depends on the framing. We introduce IatroBench, a benchmark that evaluates models on two axes of harm (commission and omission) across...

David Gringras · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Safety Under Scaffolding: How Evaluation Conditions Shape Measured Safety

Safety benchmarks usually test "bare" models that receive prompts and output responses, but real-world deployments "wrap" those models in complex scaffolds. How much do these scaffolds affect model safety as measured by benchmarks? We test six leading models on four pre-registered safety benchmarks with a direct API an...

David Gringras · 0 citations

Unraveling the cognitive patterns of Large Language Models through module communities

A network-based framework that links cognitive skills, LLM architectures, and datasets, ushering in a paradigm shift in foundation model analysis and suggests that effective fine-tuning strategies should leverage distributed learning dynamics rather than rigid modular interventions.

K. Bhandari, Pin-Yu Chen, Jian-Xi Gao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Generating Interesting Scientific Ideas using Knowledge Graphs and LLMs: Evaluations with 100 Research Group Leaders

The rapid growth of scientific literature makes it increasingly challenging for researchers to identify novel and impactful ideas, especially across disciplines. Modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems offer new opportunities for scientific ideation, but how compelling are AI-generated ideas, and how can their qual...

Xuemei Gu, Mario Krenn · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

To Trust or Not to Trust: Retrieval-Augmented Fact Checking in Speech

Online misinformation increasingly appears in spoken formats such as news clips, podcasts, interviews, political speeches, and social media videos, creating a need for fact-checking systems that can verify claims directly from speech. We introduce VeriSpeak, a probe benchmark for studying speech-based fact verification...

Debajyoti Mazumder, Mamta, Abhirama Subramanyam Penamakuri · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

PoEM: Predicting RL Outcomes from Existing Policies

PoEM, a framework to predict the outputs of RL on a new reward function using a set of models already post-trained on other rewards, is introduced by introducing PoEM, a framework to predict the outputs of RL on a new reward function using a set of models already post-trained on other rewards.

K. Hamidieh, G. Daras, Antonio Torralba · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Does a model's stated reason for rejecting a candidate do any work?

Asked to choose between candidates and explain the choice, a language model often rejects a rival by naming a fact its profile lacks: no director, no date of death. That sentence is a claim about the text in front of the model, and it can be tested without any judge. We insert a real corpus sentence stating the named f...

Archit Rastogi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

R-DEIM Net: An Efficient Rationale-Augmented Dual-Expert Interaction Model for Paraphrase Detection

Recent advances in paraphrase detection reveal a fundamental trade-off: large language models achieve high accuracy but require high computation, while efficient Siamese-BERT variants offer practical scalability with reduced transparency in rationale generation. We present R-DEIM Net, a 76M-parameter dual-expert archit...

Pushp, Vaibhav D. Prajapati, Himangshu Sarma · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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