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natural language processing

7,776 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

How Local Mixing Encodes Relative Position in Global NoPE Attention

An explanation of how hybrid models of this sort can implicitly encode position at global NoPE layers is developed, and insights are provided for how to encode position in a way that can extrapolate to longer sequence lengths indefinitely.

Cutter Dawes, Nick Alonso, Tomas Figliolia et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Correct Answers, Invalid Traces: What Verifiable Grade-School Math Reveals About Chain-of-Thought Traces

Chain-of-thought traces are widely read as records of how models reach their answers, informing debugging, agent auditing, and claims about reasoning. Testing this interpretation is difficult because natural-language thinking traces are rarely mechanically verifiable. We revisit it in iGSM, a synthetic grade-school mat...

Ratish Puduppully, Pranabendu Misra, Paarth Iyer et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Gender bias across LLMs is common and highly heterogeneous

Understanding gender biases in large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important as these systems become embedded in decision-support tools with real consequences. Prior research has focused only on a small set of models, leaving open the extent to which gender biases are common and heterogeneous across LLMs. We a...

E. Bolzoni, Valerio Capraro · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Dr. OPD: Learning What to Follow for Optimal On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Models

On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student on its own generated responses using dense, token-level supervision from a stronger teacher. Vanilla OPD treats all teacher signals equally, assuming that the teacher's supervision is equally important for every token. However, teacher signals at different tokens may have v...

Zhen-Yu Wang, Tian-Ze Wang, Lin-Jun Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Auditable Long-Term Memory: A Deterministic Retrieval Chain Measured at 479/475 of 500 on LongMemEval-S

We evaluate an auditable long-term memory system on LongMemEval-S. Its retrieval chain uses hybrid candidate retrieval, cross-encoder reranking, coverage-first packet compilation, and deterministic reasoning scaffolds; an LLM is used only as a replaceable final reader. The chain places all gold sessions in the candidat...

Christopher J. Chanhnourack · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

$S^3$: Spectral Null-Space Swap Makes Reasoning Models Efficient

This work is the first to unveil the critical role of the null space and harness it for model optimization, and uses a simplified analytical model about optimization to demonstrate why null-space can effectively reduce attention entropy, thereby improving the efficiency of reasoning.

Hong-Bo Ma, Sansheng Cao, Jia-Jun Fan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

On Trajectory-Aware Training for Masked Diffusion Language Models

PUMBA is introduced, a unified framework for trajectory-aware training that trains the denoiser on consecutive steps of policy-induced trajectories, passes information between steps, and optimizes them jointly by backpropagation through time.

Manuel Madeira, Amitis Shidani, Alice Bizeul et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

The Unequal Influence of Bad Advice: Using Training Data Attribution to Modulate Emergent Misalignment

This work uses training data attribution to quantitatively estimate how much each harmful example contributes to EM and benchmark the quality of the attribution via retraining -- a sound attribution score should enable us to enhance or attenuate EM by filtering data on that score.

Gonçalo Paulo, Louis Jaburi, Nora Belrose et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Learning Beyond What You Sample: Off-Policy-Aware Cross-Model Trajectory Exchange for RLVR

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) methods such as GRPO rely on successful self-generated trajectories, but finite rollout budgets can produce all-fail groups with no reward-based policy-gradient signal. While additional rollouts improve the chance of success at higher cost, successful trajectories m...

Doohyuk Jang, Y. Park, Gyouk Chu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

It's Not What the Image Shows: Irrelevant Context Destabilises VLM Judges Without Informing Them

MIST, the Misleading-Image Stress Test: 200 English sentences, each built around a phrase readable either figuratively or literally and shown with an aligned image depicting its reading, a misleading image depicting the opposite, or no image at all is introduced.

Nagham Omar, Mahmoud Jabarin, Kinan Ibraheem et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Thinking in Depth, Speaking Directly: Recurrent Latent Reasoning for Paralinguistically Grounded Spoken Dialogue

LoopSLM builds on looped Transformers for latent reasoning, reusing a decoder block to refine hidden states with acoustic grounding at every pass, and further narrows the perception-reasoning gap by separating learning to reason from learning to respond, enabling direct inference without CoT.

Sheng-Bo Cai, Yu-Xiang Wang, Jing-Ran Xie et al. · 2 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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