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natural language processing

7,304 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

TutlAit v1: a crowdsourced Moroccan Tamazight speech dataset with Arabic transcriptions and regional accent labels

Tamazight (Amazigh) is, together with Arabic, one of the two official languages of Morocco, yet it remains severely under-resourced for speech technology: pub licly available labelled audio is scarce, generally lacks information on the regional variety spoken, and is often of uneven transcription quality. This article...

M. Chadi, Ezzahra Ait El Arbi, Ismail Khayoub et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

The System Prompt Illusion: How Instruction Preambles Modify Computation in Language Models

System prompts are the primary lever practitioners use to control language model behavior, yet what they actually do to the computation inside the transformer remains poorly understood. Across 17 instruction-tuned models spanning 8 architecture families and 1.5B to 72B parameters, we use Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA)...

Muhammad Usama, Dong Eui Chang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Ranking-Aware Prompt Optimization for Multimodal Clinical Diagnosis

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are rapidly advancing clinical diagnosis, yet their adaptation pipelines remain anchored to accuracy-based objectives. Clinical data are heavily class-imbalanced: a constant-majority predictor can score above 90% accuracy while being clinically useless. We therefore evaluate and...

Tian Xia, Minghao Liu, Yiqing Liang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Distribution Matching Distillation for Continuous Diffusion Language Models

Continuous diffusion language models generate all tokens in parallel, yet high-quality generation can still require hundreds of network evaluations (NFEs). We study how distributional distillation can reduce this cost by exploiting the student's probabilistic token outputs. Our unified formulation connects the student'...

Paul Le Van Kiem, Dario Shariatian, Umut Simsekli et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Cheap to Draw, Expensive to Trust: Certifying Test-Time Scaling Curves

Sampling several answers and keeping the one a verifier scores highest is one of the simplest ways to buy accuracy at test time. Its effect is reported as a scaling curve: accuracy against the number $k$ of sampled answers. The curve is cheap to draw and expensive to trust. A budget read off it is chosen after looking...

S. Sarkar, S. Baichoo · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Learning Functional Subspaces for Neural Network Compression

Modern transformers pair impressive capabilities with substantial memory and compute demands. Low-rank weight factorization reduces both while keeping the matrices dense, and thus efficient on standard hardware. Existing methods, however, choose the subspace to remove from each weight matrix with local closed-form crit...

Massimo Bini, Anders Christensen, S. Alaniz et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

LARC: Low-Rank Adaptive Residual Connections for Learning in Frozen Models

Low-Rank Adaptive Residual Connections (LARC) give a frozen model a compact numerical state that can learn from feedback. The map $h+BAh$ adds a low-rank correction to a hidden representation. A slow state $\rho$ learns starting factors across tasks; a private fast state $\Phi$ copies them, changes with feedback, and r...

Jun-Yi Zou, Avrova Donz · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

RoPE at the End of Its Rope? Theory, Diagnosis, and Mitigation of Long-Context Failures

Long-context failures of RoPE-based language models can arise from RoPE's intrinsic tradeoff between maintaining stable token preferences and distinguishing nearby positions. Determining which weakness to address, and how, requires a more precise characterization of RoPE's behavior in trained models across context leng...

Yu-Yang Wu, Yu-Feng Du, Hao Peng · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When the Right Answer Is Missing: An Arithmetic-Dependent Rejection Bottleneck in Jev

Typed decision models such as Jev offer an efficient alternative to generative LLMs in decision-making workflows by selecting directly from predefined options. When candidate sets contain no valid answer, TypeSafe recommends including an "other" or "none-of-the-above" option to enable rejection. In this report, however...

Jike Zhong, Ming Li, Yuxiang Lai · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Tilted Bowl Is Not a Slippery Slope: Compressing Looped Models

Looped models reason by applying the same block of weights many times, so compressing that block saves memory traffic on every loop. Compressed looped models, however, often collapse, and the collapse is usually blamed on rounding error that accumulates from loop to loop. In this work we test that account on more than...

Steven Kolawole, Pearse Jim, Opegbemi M. Busoye et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

K2P: Label-Free Knowledge to Prompt Distillation

Knowledge distillation can transfer reasoning from stronger teachers to frozen students through reusable prompts, but avoiding weight updates does not eliminate supervision. Without ground-truth answers, teacher solutions are unverified, and agreement with the teacher can reward shared mistakes. We introduce Knowledge-...

Yingchuan Zhang, Haoran Lu, Wenxuan Zhong et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Blackboard Intelligence Can Surpass Autoregressive on Globally Constrained Problems

Next-token prediction has driven remarkable progress in large language models, yet a growing body of evidence suggests that they can struggle on problems governed by complex global constraints. In this work, we focus on this regime and ask whether some of these limitations arise from the inference interface induced by...

Woosang Jeon, Jaeyeon Kim, S. Kakade et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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