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17,191 papers

#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

MASKerade: Token-Routed Mask Experts for Dense-to-MoE Upcycling

Sparsely activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models increase model capacity without a proportional increase in per-token computation. Dense-to-MoE upcycling reuses pretrained dense models to construct such systems, commonly by copying feed-forward networks (FFNs) into independently trained experts. We introduce MASKerad...

Ming-Yuan Zhang, Yue Bai, Zhong-Ruo Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Adaptive Mean Estimation by In-Context Learning: A Gradient-Flow Analysis

Prior Fitted Networks (PFNs) such as TabPFN now rival established statistical procedures across prediction and estimation tasks. A natural explanation is that PFNs have the property of statistical adaptivity, that is, they perform nearly as well as a method tailored to the true data-generating model for a heterogeneous...

Martin Eppert, K. Balasubramanian, Subhro Ghosh et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

The Geometry of Empowerment

This work links empowerment maximization and skill-learning methods to provide new geometries for interpreting and analyzing empowerment, revealing distinctions between information and reward geometries and highlighting important theoretical implications to build scalable empowerment-maximization methods.

Catherine Ji, Vivek Myers, Sergey Levine et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

ServeLearnBench: How Well Can Agents Self-Improve from Serving Experience?

Large language model agents are increasingly deployed to perform complex tasks in real-world environments. However, the knowledge required for correct behavior in these environments is often implicit, undisclosed, and subject to change over time. Recent continual-learning harnesses seek to address this challenge by ena...

Hai-Zhong Zheng, Yi-Zhu Di, Ranajoy Sadhukhan et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Extending Pathwise Gradients to Discrete Random Variables via Finite-Order Relaxation

Pathwise gradients are preferred for continuous random variables because they are unbiased, low variance, and work with a single sample. For discrete variables, however, the pathwise identity cannot generally be exact for every differentiable function. We propose a general framework to construct finite-order exact path...

Donghan He, Luhuan Wu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Towards One-for-All Foundation Model for Attributed Graph Clustering

Attributed graph clustering aims to discover node groups by jointly exploiting node attributes and graph topology, yet its unsupervised nature makes model selection and adaptation inherently difficult. Existing methods typically train and tune a separate model for each input graph, leading to costly and fragile pipelin...

Yunhui Liu, Xu-Dong Jin, Kang Zhang et al. · 2 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

TRACE: Rollout-Guided Quantization-Aware Training for FP4 Reinforcement Learning of MoE Language Models

Reinforcement learning (RL) for post-training large language models (LLMs) incurs substantial computation and memory overhead during rollout generation, which motivates low-precision rollout for efficient RL training. However, existing FP4 RL methods suffer from a key limitation: they primarily optimize quantization ac...

Xin Wang, Hao Yu, Zhengyang Zhuge et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Adversarially Trained Linear Transformers Are Optimal Robust In-Context Learners for Gaussian Mixtures

Adversarial training is one of the most reliable defenses against adversarial attacks, but its high computational cost must generally be paid anew for each task. Robust foundation models offer a promising alternative: adversarially pretrain a model once and then transfer its robustness to downstream tasks through light...

Soichiro Kumano · 0 citations
#machine learning Review Oct 2026

Cite What You Explore: Budget-Aware LLM Reasoning over Medical KGs with Verifiable Evidence

Post-discharge risk prediction from electronic health records (EHRs) is difficult because many dependencies that link discharge-time observations to downstream complications, such as comorbidity cascades and drug-disease interactions, are absent from the record. External medical knowledge graphs (KGs) can supply these...

Chen Chen, Dong-Jie Wang, Mei Liu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Neuromotor Hierarchy Network: Physiological Inductive Biases for Robust Generalization in sEMG Decoding

Surface electromyography (sEMG) provides a wearable, noninvasive interface to neuromuscular activity for movement decoding and human-computer interaction. Population-scale decoding remains difficult because the relationship between sEMG and neuromuscular activity varies across users and sessions, while task-relevant dy...

He Wang, Hong-Yuan Qi, Zhao-Xiang Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

WASD: Wasserstein-based Knowledge Distillation for Large Language Models

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) have rapidly advanced in capability, but their increasing scale comes with substantial computational and memory costs at inference time. Knowledge distillation (KD) offers a practical solution by transferring knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model via...

Byeonghu Na, Donghyeok Shin, Yeongmin Kim et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Improving Synthetic Data Generation for Argument Mining via Adversarial Reinforcement Learning

Argument Mining (AM) is fundamentally constrained by the scarcity of high-quality structure-annotated datasets. While LLMs have shown promise in synthetic data generation, producing synthetic AM data that is both structurally accurate and sufficiently diverse remains a challenging problem. To address this problem, we r...

Zhijun Zhang, Qianlong Wang, Keyang Ding et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

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