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14,746 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Imbalance to Evidence: Deep Nonparametric Testing for Complex Data under Severe Sample Imbalance

Comparing distributions under severe sample imbalance requires effectively using abundant majority observations while retaining sensitivity to differences involving the smaller sample. This challenge is particularly relevant for complex, non-Euclidean data, such as graphs, whose structural characteristics call for flex...

Guanhao Zhou, Xiufan Yu · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Sparse Dictionary Learning for Measure-Valued Data via Linearized Optimal Transport: Efficient Algorithms and Sample Complexity

We study dictionary learning for probability measure-valued data by embedding measures into Hilbert spaces using features derived from optimal transport geometry. We learn data-adapted dictionaries through sparse autoencoder parameterizations, producing fast, scalable representations of probability measures as sparse f...

Brendan Mallery, Shuchin Aeron, James Murphy · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Second-Order Information: Paid Logistic Regression with Noisy Features

We consider online binary prediction with paid stochastic features, where the learner can spend resources to obtain better observations of the underlying features. This setting is motivated by applications such as medical testing, where additional cost can provide more precise measurements of patient's features for pre...

Sanghwa Kim, Kyoungseok Jang, Se-Young Yun · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

BLEND: Balancing Personalization vs. Generalization in Federated Vision-Language Models

Federated vision-language models (FedVLMs) represent one of the emerging frontiers of machine learning, aiming to integrate federated learning within the fine-tuning pipelines of vision-language models (VLMs). In this work, we introduce BLEND, a new framework designed to jointly enhance the personalization and generali...

Payam Abdisarabshali, Fardis Nadimi, Kasra Borazjani et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Rethinking the Roles of Diffusion and Decoding: Predictive-State Flows for Parallel Language Generation

In continuous diffusion language models (DLMs), latents generated by the diffusion prior are mapped almost deterministically to tokens, either by a decoder or through a token embedding matrix. Unlike in image generation, where visual details can vary continuously, the diffusion prior must capture fine-grained discrete...

Jin-Jin He, Xin-Song Feng, Lu-Cheng Fu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Generalized Determinantal Point Processes for Attraction and Repulsion with Distinct Interaction Kernels

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) model subset selection probability with repulsion, but many applications also exhibit attraction arising from pairwise relations or shared latent structures. Nonsymmetric DPPs (NDPPs) capture both effects, but their kernels are difficult to interpret and specify. We propose the dete...

Hideaki Ishibashi, Takahiro Kawashima, Hideitsu Hino · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Solvers Get Moody: Quantifying and Predicting Performance Variability in Mixed Integer Programming

Mixed-integer programming (MIP) solvers are widely used, yet their performance can vary substantially even under seemingly neutral perturbations. Such variability complicates benchmarking, and the interpretation of computational studies. We introduce the Weighted Variability Score (WVS), a robust multi-component metric...

Mourchid Adegbindin, Brenda Dietrich, Jamol Pender et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Universal Bounds for Self-Normalized Kullback-Leibler Estimation

This work studies an entropy-based estimator of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence constructed from normalized importance weights. We prove a universal finite-sample bound showing that its expectation can exceed the target-proposal KL divergence by at most $\log 2$ for any sample size. We then characterize the KL diverge...

Buu Phan, Lester Mackey, David Alvarez-Melis · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Two-way Guidance: Simultaneous Learning of Summary Statistics for Generative Bayes

Bayesian simulation-based inference (SBI) can struggle to recover increasingly concentrated posteriors as observation size grows. We consider learning sufficient summary statistics jointly with the posterior as a general principle for scalable inference in various SBI methods. A common measure taken in SBI is dimension...

Percy S. Zhai, Max Pachman, Peverel D. Shipley et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

APEX: Asynchronous Prefix Denoising for Extreme Compression

Fewer latent tokens promise cheaper diffusion. Yet aggressive latent compression creates a reconstruction-generation dilemma: adding channels improves reconstruction but makes generation harder. We introduce APEX, short for Asynchronous Prefix denoising for EXtreme compression, which pairs a hierarchical latent space w...

David Dinkevich, Nisan Chiprut, Yoav HaCohen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Scalable Learning of Determinantal Point Processes with Kernel-Structured Interactions

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) on a finite set are probability models that exhibit repulsion where inter-item similarities are encoded by a positive definite kernel matrix. Scaling DPP learning to large datasets typically requires imposing structural constraints on the kernel matrix, such as a low-rank-plus-diago...

Takahiro Kawashima, Hideitsu Hino · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Trainable Quantum-Native Language Models: Dissipative Memory, Capacity Limits, and Hardware Validation

We study byte-level autoregressive language models whose hidden state is a small quantum register, whose transitions are learned token-conditioned quantum channels, and whose next-byte probabilities come directly from Born-rule measurements without a learned classical vocabulary projection or softmax. In the fixed-widt...

Deniz Yunus G\"o\u{g}\"u\c{s} · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

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