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#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Belief Embedding Tree Search

Beliefs in a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) are posterior distributions over the hidden state given the agent's history of actions and observations. They summarize everything the history says about the state, so planning in a POMDP is planning in a Markov decision process (MDP) over beliefs. Belie...

Christopher Solinas, Radovan Halu\v{s}ka, Martin Schmid et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AlphaRLM: Aligning Language Models for Literature-Grounded Symbolic Factor Discovery

Formulaic alpha mining seeks to discover executable expressions that capture predictive market signals in a vast, noisy search space. Recent LLM-based approaches use prompting, iterative search, or seed-factor evolution, leaving direct factor construction through policy learning less explored. To address this, we intro...

Jie Huang, Yuecheng Hong, Yao Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

What Survives When Activation Steering Is Used as Memory

Activation steering has recently been used as a memory for skills: past experiences of an agent are stored as steering vectors and retrieved later. Facts and preferences about the user are assumed to need text instead. We test that assumption with a training-free activation memory beside a frozen LLM. The change an exp...

Vedant Jumle · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Bridging Risk Approximation Gaps in Model Predictive Task Sampling via In-Context Modeling

Reinforcement learning (RL) is essential for adaptive decision-making, e.g., robust Meta-RL and domain randomization (DR), and efficient post-training of large language models (LLMs), where tasks are commonly structured as Markov decision processes or prompts. A central bottleneck in all these settings is the cost of a...

Jiarong Wen, Qi Tao, Kaiyu Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MARL-BattleGrounds: A Novel JAX-native Benchmark for Heterogeneous and Competitive Multi-agent RL

We present MARL-BattleGrounds (MARL-BGs), an easy-to-use JAX-native benchmark for heterogeneous and competitive multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), designed to be sample-efficient, computationally efficient, and researcher-centric. MARL benchmarks are typically simple and efficient, like SMAX, where winning redu...

Ulixes Tariq Hawili, Subramanian Ramamoorthy, Yoann Altmann et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CESNET-TimeSeries26: A Multi-Year Network Traffic Time Series Dataset for Annual Seasonality, Concept Drift, and Long-Term Anomaly Detection

Forecast-based models are fundamental to network traffic management and anomaly detection. However, it is essential to evaluate these forecasting models over extended periods of time in order to assess their adaptability to unexpected phenomena and shifts in underlying patterns. This kind of long-term evaluation requir...

Josef Koumar, Karel Hynek, Kamil Jerabek et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Shaping Latent Mixture-of-Experts: From Expert Geometry to Layerwise Capacity Allocation

Fine-grained mixture-of-experts (MoE) models commonly increase expert count by narrowing each expert, treating expert shape as a by-product of routing granularity. LatentMoE moves expert computation into a lower-dimensional space, exposing the input dimension and intermediate width of each expert as explicit design cho...

Yaoxiang Wang, Kai Zhang, Ruobing Xie et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Decoupling Knowledge Forgetting and Refusal Learning in MLLM Unlearning

Current evaluations of multimodal unlearning typically focus on whether a model stops outputting target information. This surface-level criterion, however, masks two critical failure modes. First, knowledge suppression techniques often induce confabulation, leading the model to hallucinate facts about the unlearned sub...

Haodong Chen, Shengtao Wen, Dong Liang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CB-Agent: Concept-Based In-Context Learning for Sequential Action Selection

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models to use demonstrations without updating their parameters. For interactive agents, demonstrations are trajectories of reasoning, actions, and observations that illustrate how to complete a task. Reusing demonstrations in new situations is challenging: directly inputt...

Qingyue Zhang, Huaze Tang, Minyu Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ConicFlow: constrained Inference-time optimal control for flow matching models

We propose ConicFlow, which frames constrained sampling from a flow matching model at inference time as an optimal control problem that balances deviation from the pretrained trajectory against reward, subject to hard terminal constraints. We discretize this problem and adapt receding-horizon control, optimizing only a...

Shervin Khalafi, Kasra Fallah, Sung Cho et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Echo: Error-Compensated 4-Bit Tensor-Parallel Communication for LLM Training and Inference

Tensor parallelism ends every layer with an all-reduce that sits between two dependent matrix multiplications, so its cost cannot be hidden and grows as compute outpaces interconnect bandwidth. Sending 4-bit instead of 16-bit values would cut this cost by nearly 4x, but the all-reduce must add the values it carries, an...

Xingyu Xie, Xiaoyong Xie, Zhouchen Lin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Harness^2: Recursive Agent Harnessing for an Open World

LLM agents' capabilities depend not only on their underlying models but also on their execution harnesses. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) offers a promising approach to automatically evolve these harnesses. However, deploying RSI in open-world settings still faces two critical challenges. First, open-world tasks are...

Ruiyao Xu, Yanfei Chen, Zhongying CuiZhu et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

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