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#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Have I Seen Enough? Frozen Video-Language Models Encode Evidence Readiness

Streaming video-language models must decide not only what to answer, but whether the evidence needed for the current question has arrived. Existing systems learn that decision as a separate trigger; we ask whether an unmodified model already computes it. We show that frozen VideoLLMs carry a linearly readable evidence-...

Dan Ben-Ami, Kobi Cohen, Chaim Baskin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Latent space bias directions in LLMs capture confidence, not fairness

Activation steering has gained popularity as a lightweight inference-time debiasing technique for large language models. However, prior work reports that steering vectors generalise poorly, with unintended effects on model performance and limited transfer to new datasets. Our work analyses what the debiasing direction...

Stephanie Buttigieg, Maeve Madigan, P. Kamalaruban et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Systemization of Knowledge (SoK): Human-Centered AI Safety for Youth

While HCI increasingly examines AI-safety for youth, the literature lacks a comprehensive view of what risks have been identified, how they are addressed, and whether proposed protections work in-practice. We systematically reviewed 100 empirical HCI studies involving children and youth interacting with or exposed to A...

Pratyasha Saha, Yaman Yu, Yang Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

AnyBottle: A Recipe to Only Keep the Concepts You Really Need

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) make predictions inspectable and intervenable by routing them through human-interpretable concepts, but originally required concept annotations. Annotation-free variants remove this requirement, but typically use large concept vocabularies, static at both training and inference, produci...

Wolfgang Stammer, Sukrut Rao, Hevra Petekkaya et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Toward Alignment Scaling Laws: A Framework and First Preregistered Measurements

Whether alignment gets easier or harder as models grow is often argued from isolated findings, as if alignment were one property. We treat it as a family of measurable scaling relations: for each risk category r, the alignment burden needed to hold a fixed safety target is modeled as B_r(N)=a_rN^alpha_r, with N a capab...

Jeremy Canale · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Perturbation Magnitude: Direction-Dependent Responses in Multimodal Geometric Representations

Geometric alignment scores based on Gram determinants provide a compact way to model higher-order consistency among modalities, yet how such scores respond to modality degradation is poorly understood. This paper asks whether the response of a multimodal geometric score is determined primarily by the magnitude of the p...

Yongsheng Luo, Wengan He, Yu Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

X-OPM: Explainable Automatic Digital On-Chip Power Modeling for Enhanced Robustness

Proactive power management systems reduce processor dynamic power through runtime power prediction and power-aware scheduling. Accurate, stable and low-overhead digital on-chip power meters (OPMs) are crucial for improving the prediction quality. Recent studies have explored various modeling methods, including using li...

Jing-Bo Jiang, Xi-Zi Chen, Jian Peng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Information-Dense Synthesis for Molecular Discovery

Machine learning can accelerate molecular discovery by designing molecules and planning experiments. However, many scientific challenges demand molecules with very rare properties, and in this sparse setting, existing algorithms offer little gain over random guessing. We propose a method to efficiently search large reg...

Kasper K. Jakobsen, Eli N. Weinstein · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

UNREAL: Unifying Retrieval and Long-Context with a Single Model

Long-context inference and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) handle evidence selection at vastly different scales, from a single long prompt to an entire corpus. We ask whether a single model-internal mechanism can select evidence across this range. We introduce UNifying REtrieval And Long-Context with a Single Mode...

Edan Kinderman, Elad Hoffer, Yochai Blau et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Agentic AutoRAG: RAG Pipeline Optimization through Reasoning-Driven Agents

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a widely used approach for grounding large language models (LLMs) in external knowledge. However, configuring a pipeline is an expensive hyperparameter optimization problem over many interacting choices, from chunking and embedding model to reranking and generation. Existing opti...

Lasse B. Strand, Robert Jakob, Kevin O'Sullivan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Knowing When Not to Answer: Cross-Domain and Multi-Turn Generalization of Latent Underspecification Signals

Large language models routinely answer questions that cannot be answered from the information given, and in dialogue they answer before enough has been said. Unanswerability is linearly decodable from hidden states, but it is unclear which of its forms share a representation and whether the signal is useful in dialogue...

Jerzy Kami\'nski, Ilya Galyukshev, Artem Kuznetsov et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

High-Dimensional Statistical Inference for Sparse Support Vector Machines

Using a replica-symmetric high-dimensional characterization, we develop an inferential framework for sparse support vector machines when the sample size and number of features grow proportionally. The main challenge is the nonsmooth hinge loss, which prevents direct application of debiasing arguments developed for smoo...

Peng Zeng, Hanwen Huang · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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