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data science

2,653 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

OSCAR: Order-aware Scoring and Calibration for AI Rankings

Judge-specific sensitivity is useful for aggregating pairwise LLM evaluations, but its interpretation depends on which systematic presentation effects the ranking model includes. We introduce OSCAR, an order-aware framework for scoring and calibrating AI rankings, and study position as one such effect. In released judg...

You Liu, Yue Liu, Quanchao Lu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Model-Agnostic Feature Selection via LOCO-Guided Adaptive Minipatch Sampling

Black-box machine learning models increasingly deliver strong predictions, but extracting useful information from them, such as a set of important features, remains challenging. Existing model-agnostic methods primarily estimate feature importance or conduct inference on it rather than directly selecting features, wher...

Xu-Hui Liu, Li-Li Zheng · 0 citations
#machine learning Review Sep 2026

Causal Bayesian Optimization: Foundations, Methods, and Applications

Causal Bayesian Optimization (CBO) combines causal inference with Bayesian optimization to enable sample-efficient intervention selection in systems with causal structure. This survey provides a systematic review of CBO through a unified BO-loop perspective, showing how causal assumptions shape intervention search spac...

Chen-Feng Huang, Thuy T. Le, Zi-Xuan Ma et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Exponential Family Synthetic Controls

We develop exponential family synthetic controls (EFSC), a distributional version of synthetic controls for a panel of datasets. Each cell of the panel corresponds to a dataset drawn from an exponential family whose natural parameters factorize probabilistically across units and times. We estimate the latent factors us...

Hector Rodriguez-Deniz, David M. Blei · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Sparse Regression Distilled from a Single Robust Fit

Robust linear fits can resist response contamination yet remain too dense or unstable for useful global explanations. We propose penalized distillation, which fits a smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) estimator to a robust initial estimator's empirical fitted surface along a safeguarded coordinate-descent path...

Wooyoung Shin, Seunghwan Park · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Density-Ratio Rescoring for Imbalanced Classification

Density-Ratio Rescoring (DRR) augments a classifier trained at the original class prior with a survey-raking dual score. Raking reweights the majority sample to match minority feature moments within a tolerance. DRR marginally standardizes the dual and base scores and combines them with a fixed weight of one half, usin...

Dongha Kim, Seunghwan Park · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

On Generalized Naive Bayes with Continuous Features

The Generalized Naive Bayes (GNB) model was introduced for discrete and categorical random variables as an extension of classic Naive Bayes. We now accommodate the GNB framework to continuous explanatory variables. A central result of the paper is that structure learning of the GNB depends only on the pair copulas of t...

Ábrahám Papp, Botond Szilágyi, Edith Alice Kovács · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

TEMPER: Temporal Encoder-Masked Probabilistic Ensemble Regressor for Time-Series Forecasting

TEMPER, the Temporal Encoder-Masked Probabilistic Ensemble Regressor, a univariate time-series forecasting algorithm that combines a temporal autoencoder, a differentiable masked neural decision forest, continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) training, and Gaussian-mixture post-processing is presented.

G. Vercellino · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

PACE: Plug-and-Play Contextual Embedding for Feature Screening with Pretrained Tabular Foundation Models

PACE (Plug-and-Play Contextual Embedding) inserts a frozen tabular foundation model (TFM) column encoder before an existing feature-scoring rule, expanding each feature into a higher-dimensional contextual representation, positioning pretrained column geometry as a reusable upstream primitive for tabular learning.

Qi Qin, Er-Bo Li, Ting Wei et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Bayesian Filtering in Physical Systems via Test-time Trained Flow Matching

Bayesian filtering provides a principled framework for online state estimation under uncertainty, yet its application to systems with high-dimensional states and complicated posterior distributions remains challenging. Recent generative models, such as flow matching, have shown potential in Bayesian filtering. However,...

Rui-Qi Feng, Chong-Yi Wang, Tao Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Stochastic Flow Map for Count Data

High-dimensional count data are common in scientific applications, but most diffusion and flow models are designed for continuous or categorical data, and generation often requires many sequential model evaluations. We propose Count Flow Map, a generative model that learns finite-time transitions directly in count spac...

Gan-Chao Wei · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Bayesian Deck-of-cards-based Ordinal Regression with Sequential Preference Elicitation

The Deck-of-cards-based Ordinal Regression (DOR) infers a value function from a ranking of reference alternatives in which the Decision Maker (DM) inserts blank cards between consecutive levels to express preference intensity. DOR, and its stochastic extension (SMAA-DOR), treat these answers as hard constraints definin...

Marco Grillo, Silvano Zappal\`a · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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