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17,756 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Variance-Reduced Policy Gradient is Nearly Minimax-Optimal

Standard Policy Gradient (PG) algorithms suffer from high estimation variance because they rely on Monte Carlo updates. While off-policy variance reduction mitigates this problem, establishing optimal sample complexity currently requires either restrictive assumptions, such as uniformly bounded importance weights, or i...

Leonardo Cesani, Matteo Papini, Marcello Restelli · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Not All Dimensions Are Equal: Outlier-Aware Attention Linearization with Grouped Quadratic Kernels

Linearizing softmax attention offers a route to efficient Transformer inference, but preserving pretrained attention remains challenging. We identify an important source of approximation error overlooked by standard linearization methods: a small number of outlier dimensions contribute disproportionately to query-key d...

Weiqi Sun, Qianyue Wu, Wenjia Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Inject a Turn, Not a Token: Learning Where to Redirect LLM Reasoning for Self-Correction

Large language models struggle to reliably identify and correct errors in their own reasoning. Unlike prior training-based approaches that fine-tune an LLM to generate revisions or feedback, we learn where to intervene in failed rollouts and determine how to redirect them. To choose where to intervene, we train a 130K-...

Jiwon Jeon, Myungsik Cho, Jeonghye Kim et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Pretraining and Test-Time Training Budgets Matter for ARC: A Controlled Study of VARC and TRM

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) is increasingly used to evaluate whether neural networks can infer task-specific transformations from few demonstrations. Recent ARC models differ in architecture, but also in broader training and evaluation protocols, including pretraining data, data augmentation, test-time s...

Adrien Deliege, Marc Van Droogenbroeck · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SelectArena: A Modern Benchmark for Feature Selection on Real-world Tabular Data

Selecting a subset of features (columns) from a tabular dataset is a ubiquitous challenge in real-world applications. Industry experts seek to minimize model training costs, climate scientists require an interpretable subset of factors to understand extreme weather events, and clinicians need to choose among diagnostic...

Bastian Sch\"afer, Dominika Matus, Lennart Purucker et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Model-agnostic Knowledge Augmented Machine Learning for Weakly Annotated Bioimaging Data

Machine learning models are increasingly used for automated feature extraction from weakly annotated bioimaging data, such as microscopy and cytomorphology images. Due to the sole dependency of automated feature extraction, existing methods yield inconsistent classification performance across weakly annotated datasets....

Jayanie Bogahawatte, Sachith Seneviratne, Simon Maksour et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SWE-DeceptionBench: Benchmarking Deceptive Behaviors of LLMs Across the Software Development Lifecycle

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used throughout the software development lifecycle. This growing reliance on LLMs raises concerns about their trustworthiness, with deception posing a particularly important risk. Deceptive behavior takes the form of misleading responses or assistance in fabricating, concea...

Xi-Ting Liu, Lin Yang, Yi-Tong Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AudioTETRIS: Token Elimination via Transitional Importance Signals for Efficient Audio LLMs

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) achieve strong performance on speech-text tasks, but standard audio encoders produce hundreds of tokens for even short audio clips. Because self-attention scales quadratically in sequence length, this inflates inference-time compute substantially. Current training-free token compress...

Shreya Sajid, Anna Vettoruzzo, Joaquin Vanschoren · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Defence against the dark arts of distillation: Unsupervised discovery of subliminal learning

When a language model is distilled from a teacher that shares its base parameters, the student can inherit behavioural traits of the teacher---including misalignment---even from data that is semantically unrelated to the trait (Cloud et al., 2026). All existing defences require knowing the trait. We remove this require...

Joseph Egan, C. Gilligan-Lee, Michael O'Riordan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RESCUE: Is This Alarm Worth Acting On? Counterfactual Evaluation of VLA Runtime Monitors

Runtime failure monitors for robot policies are typically evaluated by how accurately they distinguish failed from successful executions. Yet an accurate alarm may arrive too late for recovery, while an unnecessary intervention may disrupt an execution that would otherwise succeed. We introduce RESCUE, a counterfactual...

David Ahmedt-Aristizabal, Abdelwahed Khamis, Mohammad Ali Armin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Temporal Proximity: Explanatory World Models for Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning

Generative Recommenders increasingly use Reinforcement Learning (RL) to optimize outcomes that may appear hundreds or thousands of interactions after a decision. Standard RL propagates reward according to temporal proximity rather than explicit relevance, attenuating the signal assigned to distant but important actions...

Oriol Corcoll, Qiyao Wei, Ciar\'{a}n Mark Gilligan-Lee · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

When MLLMs miss what humans read: diagnosing and learning to read squint text

Multimodal LLMs can fail to read text embedded in an image's coarse structure (text a human recovers by squinting) and report that no text is present. We name this class Squint Text and study it as a recognition deficiency, motivated by cases from a production moderation pipeline. We introduce SquintBench, comprising 1...

Chen Peng, Shang-Qing Huang, Jian-Bo Huang et al. · 0 citations

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