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artificial intelligence

15,684 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MetaOPD: Meta-Learned Token Weighting for On-Policy Distillation

On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student on its own generated responses using token-level teacher supervision. However, uniform weighting overlooks differences in token learning value, while existing weighting methods rely on predefined mappings from prediction signals to token weights. These mappings are not lear...

Zipeng Wang, Xinpeng Dong, Yuefan Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MindFlow: Mind Supernet Powered Thinking Flows for Research Idea Innovation

Research idea innovation is a fundamental engine of scientific progress, yet it remains difficult to generate and evaluate in a scalable and controllable way. This challenge lies in its inherently open-ended and multi-objective nature, where ideas should balance novelty, plausibility and feasibility. While recent LLM-b...

Mengdi Liu, Wenjue Chen, Wenyue Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

How Is Automated Research Evaluated? A Survey of Benchmarks and Evaluation Practices

Automated research systems support literature synthesis, ideation, experiments, writing, and peer review, but their evaluation is dispersed across tasks, benchmarks, and studies that are difficult to compare directly. We review this literature from the perspective of evaluation design and evidence, covering six targets...

Liu-Lei Zhang, De-Jing Zhou, Chu-Yue Huang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LEVER: Adaptive Cost-Aware Proof Search Over AND/OR Graphs

Mathematicians value proofs for more than correctness: among correct proofs, simplicity, purity and the computational cost of finding them vary widely. Yet LLM-powered theorem provers largely search for any correct proof, and improve its quality only after it is found. We propose LEVER, a proof search algorithm that ma...

Nihal Jain, Shuangjie Yao, Begum Cicekdag et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Probability-Signature Dynamics: Unpacking Modular Addition Learning Within Two-Layer Networks

Neural networks trained on modular addition tasks often develop Fourier-structured representations that support exact generalization. While prior work has identified these Fourier circuits, the mechanism by which gradient-based training selects them from the data distribution remains unclear. We address this question u...

Yun-Jing Wang, Jun-Jie Yao, Lin-Yu Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Memento 3: Model-Based Recursive Self-Improvement through Reflective Rulebooks

Learning to act in unfamiliar environments requires agents to infer how the world works and revise that understanding as new evidence arrives. Yet limited observations can support multiple world models that explain past interactions but predict different outcomes in unseen states. We introduce Memento 3, building on th...

Haoyu Zhao, Zhengxu Yu, Zhiyuan He et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RouterInterp: Understanding Superposed Specialisation in Mixture of Experts Routing

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) models scale more efficiently than dense models by routing tokens to modular expert networks that are only active for processing a fraction of tokens. A leading hypothesis for the performance of MoE models is that each expert specialises in a single, coherent domain. However, interpretab...

Ilya Lasy, Nora Yinuo Cai, Kola Ayonrinde · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Safe Actions Alone Do Not Ensure Safe Agents: Identifying Unfulfilled Obligations with Guard Models

Guard models are increasingly used to safeguard LLM-based agents, primarily by identifying actions that agents are forbidden to perform. However, identifying forbidden actions alone is insufficient to ensure agent safety. In this paper, we argue that agent safety also depends on identifying required yet unperformed saf...

Youwei Feng, Yitong Zhang, Yuetong Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

What Output-Only Review Cannot Verify: Study Contracts for Research Agents

Some defects in an AI-generated study can be identified from its artifacts; others require knowledge of what was approved before execution. We propose study contracts that bind declared experimental choices, run obligations and claim scope to recorded execution evidence, and distinguish this contract-relative verificat...

Eitan Waks, Ben Glocker · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Where Draft Trees Lose Target Mass: Exit-Guided Speculative Decoding

Tree-based speculative decoding verifies multiple draft continuations in one target-model pass, but finite trees built from draft scores face a fundamental draft-target mismatch. We ask whether better exact verification can increase acceptance on a fixed tree and how target feedback can improve the tree itself. Through...

Shijing Hu, Xuancheng Ren, Zhihui Lu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Scalable AI Uncertainty Quantification via Generalized Laplace Active Subspaces

Reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential for deploying neural networks in scientific and high-stakes applications, but full Bayesian inference over the network parameters is computationally infeasible. We propose a low-rank generalized Laplace approximation for neural-network UQ based on a small number of...

Wouter N. Edeling, Peter V. Coveney · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Onboard Marine Anomaly Detection on $\Phi$sat-2: From Simulation-Based Development to In-Orbit Demonstration

Onboard Artificial Intelligence can improve responsiveness and bandwidth efficiency of Earth Observation systems by processing data directly on the satellite. This paper presents the experience gained from the development, onboard integration, and post-launch adaptation of a lightweight marine anomaly detection pipelin...

Clotilde Szywala, Thomas Goudemant, Marjorie Bellizzi et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 29, 2026

Who we become when we talk to machines

Professor Sherry Turkle’s new book, “Artificial Intimacy,” offers a withering critique of chatbots and the antisocial dynamics she believes they encourage.

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