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Toqeer Ali Syed

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Preprint Oct 2026

PHP2Shell and the Future of AI-Discovered Vulnerability Disclosure: Evidence, Verification, and Human Authority

AI-assisted vulnerability discovery can produce technically plausible findings faster than maintainers can validate, coordinate, and safely disclose them. The resulting challenge is not only to establish whether a vulnerability claim is credible, but also to ensure that its supporting evidence, human authorization, int...

Toqeer Ali Syed, A. Khan · 0 citations
#reinforcement learning Open access Oct 2026

Governance-aware autonomous retail coordination in artificial intelligence cities using multi-agent reinforcement learning, blockchain accountability, and federated learning

When autonomous systems take operational authority over urban commerce, accountability and human oversight matter as much as efficiency. We present AAIRM, a governance-aware autonomous retail coordination framework addressing three requirements for trustworthy procurement: tamper-evident decision provenance, data sover...

Toqeer Ali Syed, Ali Akarma, Shahid Kamal et al. · 1 citation
Preprint Sep 2026

Economic Governance of Autonomous Agents and Robots: Factor-Origin Accounting and Social Automation Funds

CivicDividendOS is presented, an end-to-end computational fiscal framework for mixed human-AIrobot economies that introduces an Autonomous Economic Activity Passport that anchors machine activity to accountable corporate beneficiaries, paired with a Factor-Origin Ledger that calculates causal marginal contributions acr...

Toqeer Ali Syed, Ali Akarma, Adeel Ahmad et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Resource-Optimized and Energy-Aware Agentic AI Framework Anchored on Blockchain for Secure Software Supply Chains

This paper proposes a blockchain-backed agentic security framework designed to safeguard the complete software development lifecycle (SDLC) while also securing the agentic AI components responsible for monitoring it. The framework coordinates a set of specialised security agents, covering source integrity, dependency a...

Toqeer Ali Syed, A. Khan · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

A non-local multi-head spatiotemporal attention LSTM for vehicle trajectory prediction

A non-local multi-head spatiotemporal attention based long short-term memory model (NL-MHA-LSTM) is introduced which employs an attention mechanism to assign context weights to relevant neighbor vehicles and extends beyond pairwise effects to model long-range dependencies.

S. Rashid, M. A. Khan, Usman Akram et al. · 0 citations
Review Open access Aug 2026

Agentic AI for Climate-Resilient Cities: A PRISMA-Guided Review and Digital Twin Framework

A rapid review applies operationalized criteria to separate Agentic AI from conventional machine learning for SDG 11 and SDG 13, revealing a field growing sharply since 2023, clustered in a few urban and climate domains, with almost no validated cross-domain deployment.

Toqeer Ali Syed, Ali Akarma, M. Naqash et al. · 10 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Beyond Scene Description: Multi-Agent Orchestration for Non-visual Access to Virtual Worlds

This paper presents MetaBlind, an architecture that distributes nonvisual access across eight specialized agents, spanning perception, navigation, social and object interaction, communication, safety and trust, memory, and personalization, and that places an Accessibility Orchestrator between those agents and the user.

Toqeer Ali Syed, Ali Akarma, Adeel Ahmad et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

XAI-SDN: An Explainable Entropy-Guided Machine Learning Framework for Real-Time DDoS Detection in Software Defined Networks

An entropy-guided machine learning framework for real-time DDoS detection in SDN environments which is lightweight and explainable and a step towards achieving a balance between the detection performance and operational transparency in next-generation SDN security.

Adeel Ahmad, Ali Akarma, Ahmad Ali et al. · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Agentic AI-enhanced digital twins for Smart City civil infrastructure: A secure, autonomous and auditable management framework

Results demonstrate that combining simulation-enabled digital twins with governance-aware agentic orchestration measurably improves response efficiency, recommendation quality, and action accountability within the bounds of a synthetic evaluation environment.

Toqeer Ali Syed, Ali Akarma, Ali Alatify et al. · 7 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Privacy Leakage in Federated Learning: Gradient-Based Client Identity Inference and Defenses for Inertial Sensing in Vehicular Edge Networks

As vehicular networks move toward 5G/6G edge intelligence, federated learning (FL) is widely promoted as a privacy-preserving way for vehicles and infrastructure to train shared models without exposing raw sensor data. Yet the updates clients transmit still leak enough information to identify who sent them, which threa...

Ali Akarma, Toqeer Ali Syed, Muhammad Khan et al. · 0 citations

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