Early Gastric Cancer Detected During 15‐year Surveillance After Ménétrier Disease Remission and Successfully Treated With Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Case Report
This case highlights the importance of continued endoscopic surveillance for gastric carcinogenesis even after long‐term clinical remission of MD and reveals no evidence of active MD.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ménétrier disease (MD) was diagnosed based on hypoalbuminemia and giant gastric folds extending from the body to the fundus in a woman in her 70s. A serum anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibody test and urea breath test yielded negative results. Remission was achieved with steroid therapy, and she was relapse‐free with the use of a proton pump inhibitor. Annual esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was continued for gastric cancer surveillance. Fifteen years after the diagnosis of MD, a type 0‐I well‐differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma was detected on the posterior wall of the upper gastric body. EGD, computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed no findings suggestive of MD recurrence, and the lesion was considered intramucosal. Endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in curative en bloc resection. Histopathology revealed no evidence of active MD. The patient remained free of MD relapse and gastric cancer recurrence. MD is characterized by giant gastric folds and protein‐losing gastroenteropathy, and it is considered a risk factor for gastric cancer. However, reports of gastric cancer diagnosed at an early stage and treated endoscopically during long‐term follow‐up after clinical remission induced by medical therapy, as in the present case, are rare. This case highlights the importance of continued endoscopic surveillance for gastric carcinogenesis even after long‐term clinical remission of MD.
This study constructed a pH-responsive P-TN/SF@Fe-Cur composite coating that demonstrated significant anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pro-angiogenic, and pro-osteogenic effects in rat subcutaneous infection and femoral defect models.
ProteinReasoner is developed, a multimodal generative protein foundation model that sequentially connects amino acid sequence, evolutionary constraints and three-dimensional structure within a shared autoregressive architecture and suggests a general route towards reasoning across interdependent representations in other scientific domains.
Chaozhong Liu, Linlin Chao, Shaomin Ji et al.· bioRxiv· 1 citation
Due to its importance and wide adoption, wheat cultivation is promptly required to shift towards sustainable practices, reducing the dependency on chemical components. Among bio-based solutions aimed at securing the sustainability of wheat cultivation, biostimulants offer a versatile platform of eco-friendly tools assuring sustainability and profitability. Microalgae present a concrete example of a biostimulant source due to their richness in metabolites and high value products. Therefore, this study evaluated the biostimulant potential of eleven eco-extracts prepared from soil-isolated microalgae strains. Eco-extracts applied via soil drench at low dose (0.1 g/L) were investigated for their biostimulant effects on wheat growth, physiology, yield, and quality under controlled conditions. Results demonstrated significant ameliorations in treated plants as compared to the control, with no phytoinhibitory effects. Remarkable enhancements were notable in growth parameters such as shoot and root lengths (+40-70%), physiological traits such as total chlorophyll and stomatal conductance (+7-52%), yield components in the example of grain number per spike and thousand grain weight (+17-103%), and grain quality namely protein and polyphenol content (+2-fold to 4-fold). Similarly, phosphorus accumulation and uptake were significantly improved, while soil physicochemical status was ameliorated, indicating enhanced fertility. Multivariate analysis and composite index ranking marked Chlorella sp. GA18, Chlorella sp. GA65, Scenedesmus sp. GA69, and Chlorococcum sp. GA63 as eco-extracts with consistent performances across all plant traits. These findings highlighted the promising potential of integrating microalgae-based eco-friendly extracts in sustainable wheat cultivation.
Amer Chabili, Z. Hakkoum, F. Minaoui et al.· Plant Science· 1 citation
HydroGym is introduced, a solver-independent reinforcement learning platform providing more than 60 validated, openly available flow control environments spanning from canonical laminar flows to complex turbulent flows, with systematic progression in the Reynolds number up to Re = 4 × 105, and Mach number variations in two and three dimensions.
Christian Lagemann, Sajeda Mokbel, Miro Gondrum et al.· Nature· 1 citation
ABSTRACT Microplastics (MPs) accumulation in ecosystem and human organs poses urgent environmental and health risks, yet few enzymes efficiently degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) under physiological conditions. We leveraged deep learning to mine unexplored sequence space across 246 million proteins, discovering AhPETase, an evolutionarily distinct hydrolase with low homology (<50% sequence identity) to known PET‐degrading enzymes. This noncanonical biocatalyst efficiently depolymerizes PET at 37°C, outperforming all typical PETases and achieving a 7.76‐fold enhancement over IsPETase, one of the most representative mesophilic PETases. Additionally, engineered variant AhPETaseM1 retains functional activity for over 20 days under physiological conditions and can degrade post‐consumer PET MPs 34‐fold faster than recombinant human‐derived enzyme MG8 (rMG8) under equal enzyme loading. Critically, it reversed PET‐induced toxicity in human lung and colon cells, establishing the first proof‐of‐concept for enzymatic MPs detoxification.
Yuxuan Wang, Shijie He, Yuheng Chang et al.· Advancement of science· 0 citations
ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization is a correlate of protection for COVID-19 and has been used to guide public health decisions. However, there is no standard neutralization assay, and absolute titers differ between assays. To investigate mechanisms causing these absolute titer differences, we compared 28 samples with three assays: a live virus cytopathic effect (CPE)-based microneutralization assay, a live virus focus reduction (immunospot, IS) assay, and a pseudotyped virus luciferase expression reduction (pseudovirus, PV) assay. We found significant correlations between all assays (ρ > 0.95 and P < 0.0001 for all pairwise comparisons), but also significant differences in absolute titers by assay (paired t-tests P < 0.001). IS and PV assays that assess neutralization as the titer required to reduce foci/luminescence by 50% had the smallest difference, with 1.2-fold higher IS assay titers (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.2–1.2). CPE assay titers were 5.5-fold lower (95% CI: 5.4–5.5) than in the IS assay. We show that these differences can be explained (i) by accounting for the size of inoculum being neutralized (half the infectious virions in the IS and PV assays, “per virion,” and the entire inoculum half the time in the CPE assay, “per well”) and (ii) by removing serum during the 5-day culture in the CPE assay (so serum can only neutralize the inoculum, rather than acting on the inoculum and slowing viral growth during culture). These findings highlight areas for more precise and harmonized terminology and particular assay elements that must be considered in efforts to harmonize neutralization assays. IMPORTANCE Protection against COVID-19 is related to how well serum antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2. This neutralization can be assessed using different assays, which often provide significantly different estimates. To better understand why assay results vary, we compared three commonly used types of neutralization assay. We found both strong correlations and significant differences in measured neutralization between the different assays. Differences in the type of virus (live SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to a pseudotyped virus with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), how long cells, virus, and antibody were allowed to interact, and whether neutralization of a batch of virions (“per well” neutralization) or individual infectious virions (“per virion”) was measured, all impacted virus neutralization. Understanding which factors have the largest impact on the differences between neutralization assays is an important first step toward harmonization of neutralization assays across the field. Protection against COVID-19 is related to how well serum antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2. This neutralization can be assessed using different assays, which often provide significantly different estimates. To better understand why assay results vary, we compared three commonly used types of neutralization assay. We found both strong correlations and significant differences in measured neutralization between the different assays. Differences in the type of virus (live SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to a pseudotyped virus with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), how long cells, virus, and antibody were allowed to interact, and whether neutralization of a batch of virions (“per well” neutralization) or individual infectious virions (“per virion”) was measured, all impacted virus neutralization. Understanding which factors have the largest impact on the differences between neutralization assays is an important first step toward harmonization of neutralization assays across the field.
E. Stadler, F. Mordant, Matthew J. Gartner et al.· Journal of Virology· 0 citations