Global research landscape of transformative learning in pre-service teacher education: A Scopus-based bibliometric and science-mapping analysis

Abstract

Background Transformative learning explains changes in pre-service teachers’ frames of reference, yet previous mapping studies have examined the theory broadly, within higher education, or in specific domains such as sustainability. This study maps the development, contributors, intellectual and conceptual structures, and thematic evolution of transformative learning research in pre-service teacher education. Methods Data were retrieved from Scopus on 29 July 2026 without restrictions on publication year or language. The search identified 237 documents; after excluding non-article records and ineligible articles, 112 journal articles were analysed. Performance analysis used Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny, while keyword co-occurrence and author co-citation networks were constructed with VOSviewer. Author, institution, country, and keyword metadata were normalised before analysis. Results The corpus comprised 112 articles published between 2001 and 2026 across 74 sources and authored by 246 researchers. Annual growth reached 8.67%, while international collaboration accounted for 13.39% of articles. The Journal of Transformative Education was the most productive source; Katrina Liu had the highest citation impact; and Queensland University of Technology was the most productive institution. The conceptual structure centred on transformative learning, teacher education, pre-service teachers, and critical reflection. Mezirow continued to dominate the intellectual structure, while recent themes shifted towards culturally responsive pedagogy, sustainability, online learning, assessment, and pedagogical competence. Data for 2026 include only publications indexed up to 29 July. Conclusions The field has grown more consistently since 2020, although productivity and collaboration remain dispersed. Mezirow’s theoretical foundation persists, while its application in pre-service teacher education increasingly connects professional identity, field experiences, diversity, and sustainability. Longitudinal, comparative, and non-Western studies are needed to determine whether perspective changes endure in teaching practice.