Potencial funcional y agroindustrial de las bayas y frutas silvestres: Una revisión sistemática de sus compuestos bioactivos, propiedades biológicas y aplicaciones tecnológicas

Abstract

This systematic review analyzed the chemical characterization, bioactive properties, and agro-industrial potential of wild berries and fruits. Following the PRISMA 2020 methodology, 34 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 were selected from the ScienceDirect, MDPI, and SciELO databases. The reviewed studies demonstrated that various species of wild berries and fruits contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are associated with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. Furthermore, the potential of technologies such as microencapsulation was identified as a means to enhance the stability of sensitive bioactive compounds and facilitate their incorporation into functional foods, nutraceuticals, and other agro-industrial applications. Similarly, the valorization of by-products—such as pomace and bagasse—represents a sustainable strategy within circular economy models. The results highlight the importance of wild berries and fruits as promising sources of functional ingredients with the potential for developing high-value-added products.