A Comprehensive Review of IoT-Based Smart Home Systems: Architecture, Applications, and Challenges

Abstract

Driven by wireless communication, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, IoT-based smart home systems achieve more efficient and safer household management compared with traditional home modes. This paper systematically reviews their definition, five-layer modular architecture, core supporting technologies, typical application scenarios, unique advantages and prominent industry challenges such as fragmented technical standards, data privacy risks and heavy dependence on networks. Corresponding optimization solutions and future research directions are proposed, providing reliable references for the design and popularization of high-performance, secure and user-friendly smart home products.