Aug 2026· Comprehensive Journal of Science· 0 citations· 38 references
TL;DR
An adaptive edge gateway for ZigBee-based IoT networks that can switch between MQTT and CoAP as needed, and shows that adaptive switching improves packet delivery by 15–20% during faults in comparison to static setups and reduces recovery time without much extra overhead.
Abstract
In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a key part of today’s digital infrastructure. From industrial automation to smart home devices, IoT systems connect physical sensors to cloud analytics and change how we interact with our environment. As these systems become larger and more complex, there is a growing need for communication methods that can manage unpredictable network errors, hardware limits, and frequent failures. Right now, MQTT and CoAP are the main protocols for IoT-to-cloud communication. But most systems use a fixed protocol, which makes it hard to adapt when problems like network traffic congestion or backend outages happen. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive edge gateway for ZigBee-based IoT networks that can switch between MQTT and CoAP as needed. The gateway monitors real-time performance, such as latency, packet loss, and backend availability, and chooses the best protocol and mode automatically. We tested our approach with in-depth simulations in ns-3, covering 180 scenarios including different types of failures, like link problems and broker outages. Our results show that adaptive switching improves packet delivery by 15–20% during faults in comparison to static setups and reduces recovery time without much extra overhead. This suggests that adapting protocols at the gateway is an effective way to make IoT systems more reliable.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology link to the objects that interact between themselves to provide better services for users in an unbelievable way and makes everything easy. The applications of IOT include healthcare monitoring, smart city, smart retail, smart home and agriculture. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) plays a vital role in IoT as it includes data processing, connectivity, sensing, and data acquiring. A wireless, self-configuring, and multi-hop network is called a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). The node of the MANET acts as a router and is always connected to WSN. Hence, the interface between IoT and MANET opens new ways for service facilities in smart environments. The main challenging issue of MANET-IOT is energy balancing over nodes. The IoT technology works on various wireless sensors and so the main aim of MANET protocols is to find the shortest path to be more efficient. Many researchers have designed energy-efficient routing protocols for improving network lifetime and due to the lack of composite solution over MANET-IoT networks, we plan to review the novel energy-efficient routing protocols that can provide a composite solution for routing over the MANET-IoT networks. This survey reviews the different types of routing protocols based on its topological structure, and energy efficiency characteristics. The performance metrics used to evaluate the efficiency of the routing protocols are also presented.
Mohammed Qayyum, Mohammed Abdul Bari· International journal of com...· 0 citations
The proposed IoTScal-CoM middleware employs only native oneM2M capabilities such as RTT, packet loss rate, CPU, and memory usage in order to guarantee the SLA conformity without changing the main standard specifications.
S. Abourriche, A. Zyane, A. Ghammaz· EPJ Web of Conferences· 1 citation
This paper introduces ADIMS (Adaptive Distributed Infrastructure Monitoring System), a cloud-based telemetry platform that facilitates real-time monitoring and management of distributed field infrastructure across various organizational contexts. ADIMS solves the complex problem of integrating diverse devices by supporting multiple communication protocols, including TCP/IP, MODBUS, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, and LTE. This makes it easy to get data from third-party sensors and equipment. The system architecture has three main layers: a field acquisition layer that supports multi-protocol communication, a cloud-based processing and analytics engine, and a customizable dashboard framework that gives operational and managerial insights. We show that ADIMS could be used in smart city infrastructure by looking at similar systems and finding that they could use 15–30% less energy and save 25–35% on predictive maintenance costs. The platform’s protocol-agnostic design makes it easy to set up quickly at universities, NGOs, government buildings, and industrial sites. This helps achieve sustainable resource management and climate action goals that align with the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Kevin Nyapom, David Padi· International Journal of Fut...· 0 citations
The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly accelerated the development of smart home systems, enabling automation, energy efficiency, and enhanced user experience. However, the lack of interoperability among heterogeneous devices and platforms remains a major challenge, resulting in fragmented ecosystems and limited scalability. To address these issues, the Matter protocol has emerged as a unified, IP-based connectivity standard for smart home environments. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the Matter protocol, including its architecture, communication mechanisms, and security model. A practical IoT-based smart home system is designed and implemented using ESP32 platforms and the Matter SDK. The system integrates multiple devices such as smart lighting, switches, smart plugs, and environmental sensors, supporting crossplatform interaction across different ecosystems. Experimental evaluation is conducted under real-world conditions, focusing on interoperability, latency, system stability, and security. The results show that the proposed system achieves reliable crossplatform compatibility, stable network performance, low communication latency, and secure device authentication. Additionally, the system maintains core functionality even under limited network conditions, demonstrating strong robustness. These findings confirm that the Matter protocol is a promising solution for building scalable, secure, and interoperable next-generation smart home systems.
Nghia Duong Tan, H. Manh, P. N. Huu et al.· 2026 11th International Conf...· 0 citations
The rapid proliferation of IoT devices and ecosystems creates significant challenges in managing increasing data traffic and service requests while maintaining system performance [1]– [3]. In oneM2M-based IoT systems, overloaded Common Service Entities (CSEs) can become bottlenecks, leading to resource saturation, higher latency, and request loss [4]. To address these challenges, this paper proposes IoTScal-2CoM-ALO, an adaptive load orchestration framework that introduces a two-level collaboration model (2CoM) enabling distributed CSEs to cooperate within and across domains. The framework incorporates an Adaptive Load Orchestration (ALO) mechanism that continuously monitors key performance indicators, including CPU utilization, memory consumption, round-trip time (RTT), and packet loss, to detect overload conditions and dynamically redirect traffic to suitable neighboring CSEs. The proposed approach is evaluated in a simulated distributed oneM2M environment under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Experimental results demonstrate significant performance improvements compared with non-collaborative and static collaboration approaches, achieving up to 73% reduction in memory consumption, RTT peak reductions of up to 4750 ms, and success rate improvements of approximately 4.8%. These results highlight the effectiveness of IoTScal-2CoM-ALO in improving resource utilization and maintaining service continuity in scalable IoT systems.
S. Abourriche, A. Zyane, A. Ghammaz· International Conference on...· 0 citations
The ongoing digital transformation in power grids has made the Internet of Things (IoT) a critical component for the development of next generation smart grids. The article provides a detailed review on technologies related to IoT and their utilization within the current power grid ecosystem that includes various IoT layers like perception layer sensors, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and cloud computing/ artificial intelligence(AI) based energy management platforms. The paper discusses the layered IoT architecture for smart grids, explores various wireless communications solutions including ZigBee, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT and 5G. The article also examines enabling IoT technologies including big data analysis, blockchain-based secure transactions for energy trading and federated learning for privacy preservation. Emerging IoT paradigms like blockchain-enabled DL networks, lattice-based cryptography schemes for IoT devices and software-defined vehicular edge computing solutions are analyzed as critical components of next generation secure smart grid infrastructures. Application of IoT in demand response, fault detection, renewable sources integration, and distributed energy resource management is explored systematically. Issues associated with interoperability, scalability, cyberattacks, and real-time latency are also addressed with proposed mitigation approaches. Finally, the paper concludes with future research directions related to integrating AI and IoT technologies in the smart grid ecosystem.
Diksha, Meena Malik, Ruchika Gupta· International Conference on...· 0 citations
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