Development of Interactive Learning Media Using a TPACK-Based Metaphorical Thinking Approach on the Topic of Statistics for Eighth-Grade Junior High School Students

Abstract

This study addresses students’ difficulties in understanding statistical concepts and relating them to real-life contexts, which are often caused by conventional instruction, limited integration of technology, low student interaction, and insufficient differentiation in learning. The study aimed to develop an interactive learning medium for eighth-grade statistics aligned with the Kurikulum Merdeka, employing a TPACK-based metaphorical thinking approach and meeting the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research adopted a Research and Development (RSD) design using the Planning, Production, and Evaluation (PPE) model. The developed product was an Android-based interactive learning medium designed as a supplementary learning resource. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The validation results indicated that the media was highly feasible, with scores of 81.94% from content experts and 82.81% from media experts. The implementation was conducted during face-to-face learning sessions at a public junior high school in Probolinggo City. Practicality analysis showed very positive responses from students and teachers, with a score of 88.10%. Furthermore, the effectiveness test demonstrated excellent results, as reflected by an average student achievement score of 94.00. These findings indicate that the developed interactive learning media effectively enhances students’ understanding of statistical concepts and supports meaningful, technology-integrated mathematics learning.