Bio-inspired Learning and Decision-Making with Probabilistic In-Memory Computing Hardware: Part 1
Thomas DalgatyEiji KawasakiMiguel de PradoDevendra VyasTommaso Salvatori
Sep 2026
Artificial IntelligenceMachine Learning
Abstract
Learning and decision-making in animals are often modeled as Bayesian processes, where sensory evidence is integrated with prior beliefs to guide behavior in the face of uncertainty. But what are the inherent neural dynamics that give rise to this ability, and how could they be replicated in computing systems? This abstract discusses a biologically grounded framework in which noisy neural and synaptic dynamics perform inference and learning via stochastic sampling from an internal energy function, capturing uncertainty over latent states and model parameters through neural and synaptic variability, respectively. This enables approaches such as predictive coding networks to account for epistemic uncertainty via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Drawing a parallel between intrinsic noise in biological systems and electrical noise in emerging probabilistic analogue memory technologies, we highlight how analogue in-memory computing hardware naturally emerges as the solution for massively scalable and energy-efficient probabilistic inference.
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