Aug 2026· Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia· Vol 36· 0 citations· 41 references
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants is a central cultural practice in socio-ecological systems. In these systems, the use and knowledge of medicinal plants can be influenced by several factors. Among these factors, human migration has been identified as a major driver of changes in therapeutic practices and knowledge of medicinal plants. This study assessed patterns of knowledge and use of medicinal plants and biomedical medicines among migrants in an urban setting. Given greater contact with plants in rural areas, we tested two hypotheses: H1: migrants’ rural or urban origin influences their medicinal plant knowledge, because previous exposure to rural environments may favor greater familiarity with medicinal plants and their therapeutic uses. H2: given greater access to health services in urban areas, we also tested if residence in an urban setting is associated with greater reported use of biomedical medicines than medicinal plants, possibly due to increased access to healthcare services and pharmaceutical products. The study was conducted in the Brivaldo Medeiros II housing complex, municipality of Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas. For data collection, we used the free-listing technique, semi-structured interviews, and the snowball sampling method with 41 migrant participants. We used BioStat software version 5.3 for statistical analysis. We found no significant difference in the number of medicinal plants known by migrants from rural versus urban areas (p = 0.4698). The use of biomedical medicines was significantly higher than the use of medicinal plants (χ2 = 165.05; df = 1; p < 0.0001). This study contributes to understanding how medicinal plant knowledge and therapeutic practices are maintained or transformed in urban migrant contexts.
MAGE explains how externalized knowledge, bounded action, independent evaluation, and retained human authority can compose into a governed engineering environment, and proposes tests of when that environment turns commodity intelligence into durable engineering progress.
James C. Davis, Kelechi G. Kalu, Huiyun Peng et al.· 1 citation
LLMs are increasingly used for code generation, yet they frequently hallucinate non-existent software packages, creating exploitable entry points into the software supply chain. We make four contributions to this problem. First, we show that prior evaluation methodologies systematically inflate hallucination rates by misclassifying standard-library modules as hallucinations in some languages. For Python, the overestimation reaches 9.4 percentage points. Second, we evaluate seven inference-time defenses for mitigating package hallucinations, including five guided decoding strategies (Greedy, Contrastive, DoLa, Nudging, and Active Layer-Contrastive Decoding), an iterative self-refinement approach (Self-Refine), and a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based defense.. Across eight models spanning five families and four programming languages (Python, JavaScript, Ruby, Rust), RAG reduces the package hallucination rate (PHR) in 18 of 32 model--language configurations. Third, we introduce Package Utility (PU) to assess whether defenses preserve valid and task-relevant recommendations. Among strategies evaluated, Greedy decoding provides the strongest average mitigation--utility trade-off. Fourth, we stress-test all strategies under adversarial prompts seeded with fabricated package names and find that PHR surges by up to 45 percentage points relative to standard prompts, with Ruby consistently the most vulnerable language (80.9--95.2\%). Under adversarial conditions, RAG and Self-Refine outperform all decoding-only strategies, indicating that robust defense requires either external grounding or iterative self-verification when prompts are actively hostile. Our results recast package hallucination as both a measurement problem and a decoding-time control problem, and they demonstrate that the choice of defense must be matched to the threat model and recommendation utility.
Albérick Euraste Djiré, Iyiola E. Olatunji, Melissa Tessa et al.· 1 citation
HawkEye is introduced, a modular, web-based vulnerability auditing platform designed to streamline security analysis by integrating multiple scanning tools within a unified dashboard and illustrates how consolidated reporting improves vulnerability prioritization for development teams.
D. R. Patil, Varad Salgare, Devaj Arya et al.· International Journal for Re...· 0 citations
By streamlining workflows and fostering collaboration, this platform offers a scalable, cost- effective solution for SMEs and contributes to software engineering by demonstrating how integrated technologies can modernize development processes in resource limited contexts, with potential for broader adoption in Albania and beyond.
The findings of the present study indicated that potential complications such as delayed union, nonunion, and osteomyelitis in the intramedullary nailing method are approximately comparable to those of the external fixator method.
Reza Noktesanj, Ali Nami, F. Amani et al.· journal of Health Research a...· 0 citations
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