SEELE: Sense-Driven Edge-Cloud Foreground–Background Split Rendering for Immersive Media Services

Abstract

Immersive media services increasingly rely on edge-cloud rendering to deliver interactive visual content under dynamic network, computing, and mobility conditions. Rendering an entire scene as a single service couples interaction-sensitive foreground content with context-oriented background content, making it difficult to jointly control latency, quality, synchronization, and migration overhead. This paper studies sense-driven edge-cloud foreground–background split rendering for immersive media services. We formulate an online decision problem in which foreground and background rendering layers can be independently controlled under long-term system and migration cost budgets. The formulation turns structural scene separation into a coupled layer-state control problem by preserving asymmetric QoE roles and a common composition requirement. We propose SEELE, a Lyapunov-guided online control algorithm that represents accumulated budget pressure with two virtual queues and converts the long-term constrained problem into lightweight per-slot decisions. The resulting per-slot rule balances immediate QoE loss against queue-weighted system and migration costs. Under sustained resource and network stress, SEELE provides steady-state QoE statistically comparable to a pretrained PPO policy while significantly reducing synchronization violations and improving composition stability. It also improves steady-state QoE and system debt over deterministic and QoE-prioritized baselines. A prototype implementation and controlled characterization further validate split-stream deployment, runtime observability, practical control hooks, and the latency–capacity tradeoff of layered rendering.