Progressive Dribbling Learning Model to Improve Dribbling Skills in Elementary School Children Aged 9–12 Years at SD IT Mutiara

Abstract

This research aims to develop a feasible, practical, and effective progressive dribbling learning model to improve dribbling skills in elementary school children aged 9–12 years. The research was motivated by the low dribbling skills of students due to learning models that are still conventional, lack variety, and do not consider the characteristics of children's motor development according to age. The product developed is called the Progressive Islamic Soccer Dribbling Model (PISDM), a progressive training model that integrates gradual dribbling technique learning, a multimedia approach, game activities, and reinforcement of Islamic values. This research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The research subjects were 34 students in grades IV–VI of SD IT Mutiara Duri aged 9–12 years. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, dribbling skills tests, and expert validation. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis through the results of the dribbling skills pretest and posttest. The results showed that the product developed was a progressive learning model consisting of 3 meeting sessions covering ball mastery, zig-zag cone, figure-8 turn, and samba passing-dribbling. The implementation of the model provided an increase in dribbling skills in all measurement instruments. The average Boomerang Dribble score increased from 32.56 to 34.53, Triangle Dribble increased from 13.82 to 15.40, Modified Slalom Dribble increased from 21.51 to 23.94, while Illinois Football Dribble showed the highest average increase with a difference of 3.33 points after the implementation of the model. These results indicate that the progressive dribbling model can gradually improve students' ball control, speed, agility, and maneuverability, in accordance with the motor development characteristics of elementary school-aged children. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Progressive Islamic Soccer Dribbling Model (PISDM) is suitable for use as an alternative soccer learning and training model for elementary school students aged 9–12 years because it can improve dribbling skills in a more systematic, engaging, and developmentally appropriate manner.