Research on Green Supply Chain Financing Problems Empowered by Federated Learning and Blockchain

Abstract

Amid the global transition toward carbon neutrality, digital technologies such as blockchain and federated learning offer a viable pathway to alleviating green financing constraints for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and advancing supply chain decarbonization. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes a digital intelligence-driven financing model for green supply chains. A dynamic game model is developed to capture strategic interactions between financial institutions and SMEs in financing mode selection and credit decisions, with an evolutionary game-theoretic approach within a two-layered complex network subsequently employed to examine how key factors shape evolutionary outcomes. The results reveal that the federated learning and blockchain-enabled green supply chain financing model reshapes traditional services via digital credit construction, markedly improving lending willingness, lowering default probabilities, and deterring greenwashing. Additionally, technology usage costs, federated training incentives, and data breach risks are identified as critical determinants of bilateral financing mode choices.