When Literature Data Mislead Artificial Intelligence in Materials Discovery

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly treats scientific literature as a data source for building databases, training predictive models, and guiding discovery. Yet literature-derived datasets often assume that reported experimental values are internally consistent and directly reusable. Here, we analyze this assumption using solid electrolyte (SE) conductivity data as a representative materials-science case. By tracing values from source articles to curated datasets, we identify recurrent text-figure mismatches, ambiguous axis annotations, unit inconsistencies, and missing measurement context. These discrepancies are often numerically plausible and therefore difficult to detect through routine preprocessing, but they can propagate as structured label noise during database construction and machine-learning reuse. A cross-database example shows how ambiguous reporting can create a 100-fold conductivity error. Our analysis reframes data accuracy as an infrastructure requirement for artificial-intelligence-driven discovery and motivates traceable reporting, curation, and validation practices for reusable scientific data. Keywords: AI for science; Data reliability; Scientific databases; Structured label noise; Literature-derived data; Materials informatics; Solid electrolytes