Aug 2026· Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care· 0 citations· 5 references
TL;DR
Adherence to the vaccination schedule among children younger than one year was insufficient, highlighting the need to strengthen educational interventions for parents, improve access to vaccination services, and implement strategies that promote timely childhood immunization in primary healthcare settings.
Abstract
Background:
Childhood vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions for preventing infectious diseases and reducing infant morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of national immunization programs, incomplete or delayed vaccination schedules remain a major challenge, particularly in low-resource settings. Parental misconceptions, vaccine hesitancy, limited access to healthcare services, and socioeconomic factors contribute to poor vaccination adherence.
Objective:
To determine the level of adherence to the vaccination schedule among children younger than one year of age. Materials and
Methods:
A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted. Vaccination records from 260 children under one year of age were reviewed to evaluate adherence to the national immunization schedule. Vaccination status was classified according to predefined adherence categories based on the completeness and timeliness of the recommended vaccines.
Results:
Among the 260 children included, 141 (54.2%) demonstrated significant non-adherence to the vaccination schedule, whereas 119 (45.8%) showed poor adherence. Overall, adherence to the recommended immunization schedule was below expected levels.
Conclusions:
Adherence to the vaccination schedule among children younger than one year was insufficient. These findings highlight the need to strengthen educational interventions for parents, improve access to vaccination services, and implement strategies that promote timely childhood immunization in primary healthcare settings.
Immunization is an essential strategy to protect children from vaccine-preventable diseases. In Indonesia, achieving complete immunization coverage remains a challenge at the primary health care level, including in Tegal Regency, where immunization coverage requires continuous evaluation to ensure all children receive timely vaccination. The success of immunization programs depends not only on the availability of health services but also on parental compliance in bringing children for immunization according to the recommended schedule. This study aimed to describe the level of parental compliance in bringing children aged 0–24 months for timely basic immunization in the working area of Suradadi Primary Health Center. A quantitative study with a descriptive survey design was conducted among parents of children aged 24–36 months. A total of 22 respondents were selected using quota sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were collected through observations of maternal and child health (MCH) books and children's immunization records and analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions and percentages. The findings showed that most respondents were of productive age, had completed secondary education, and were housewives. Overall, 20 respondents (90.9%) were compliant with the recommended immunization schedule, while 2 respondents (9.1%) were non-compliant. The high level of compliance indicates that most parents appropriately utilized immunization services according to the schedule. Strengthening health education, optimizing the role of community health volunteers, and implementing reminder systems are needed to maintain and improve parental compliance and ensure equitable immunization coverage among children.
Istiana Syamsiati Savira, Ratih Sakti Prastiwi, N. Bachtiar· Siklus Journal Research Midw...· 0 citations
Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of adherence to the complete vaccination schedule recommended for pregnant women by the National Immunization Program of the Ministry of Health and the reasons for non-vaccination in a referral maternity hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with postpartum women at a referral maternity hospital in southern Brazil (July-December 2023). Sociodemographic, obstetric, and vaccination data were obtained through structured interviews and verification of medical records and prenatal cards. Results: a total of 342 postpartum women were included. The mean age was 28.4 years; 73.7% were White, 57.0% were single, and most had formal education. Overall, 99.1% attended prenatal care and 94.7% had ≥6 prenatal visits. Only 20.8% had a complete vaccination schedule, and the vaccine with the lowest acceptance was the COVID-19 vaccine. Incomplete vaccination schedules were independently associated with younger maternal age and not receiving vaccination counseling. Conclusions: adherence to the recommended complete vaccination schedule during pregnancy was low, particularly for the COVID-19 vaccine. Maternal age under 35 years remained an independent factor associated with non-adherence to the complete vaccination schedule and to COVID-19 vaccination. Prenatal vaccination counseling acted as a protective factor, being associated with higher adherence to recommended vaccines, except for COVID-19 and influenza.
M. Fortunato, A. C. Fernandes, Daniela Ferreira D’Agostini Marin et al.· Revista Brasileira de Saúde...· 0 citations
Background/Objective: Vaccination is one of the most effective and cost-effective preventive health measures for preventing infectious diseases. The literature reports that children with chronic illnesses have lower vaccination rates than healthy children and are at higher risk for preventable diseases. This study aimed to determine the immunization status of children with chronic illnesses, assess vaccination rates, and help raise awareness on this issue. Material/Method: Children aged 1 month to 18 years who presented to or were admitted to the Pediatric Clinic of Mersin City Education and Research Hospital between 1 March and 30 June 2024, and who were followed up for their chronic illness, and whose parents gave their consent, were included in the study. Sociodemographic data and information about routine and vaccines outside the national immunization schedule (Rotavirus, meningococcal, HPV, Influenza) were obtained from the parents. The status of vaccination of disease-specific recommended vaccines was also recorded. Results: A total of 256 children were included in the study (mean age 8.7 ± 4.69 years; 42.2% girls). A high rate of complete vaccination according to the routine vaccination schedule was observed. However, non-routine vaccinations were administered at low rates: rotavirus 9%, meningococcal 4.7%, and influenza 12.2%. The HPV vaccine was administered to only one patient in the study group. Recommended vaccines for the disease were administered to only 16.4% of eligible children. Conclusions: Children with chronic illnesses are at high risk for infection and complications. Increasing vaccine awareness among both healthcare professionals and parents will contribute to higher immunization rates. Comprehensive studies are needed to identify factors influencing vaccination in this population.
ABSTRACT Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, yet concerns about safety often lead to delayed or incomplete immunization. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1278 CSHCN attending the Special Vaccination Consultation Clinic of Kunming Children’s Hospital in Yunnan Province, China, between January 2023 to December 2024. We examined their disease spectrum, vaccination recommendations, and incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI). The cohort had a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1, with infants aged 0–1 y constituting the majority (56.4%). Neurological (38.3%), neonatal (33.6%), and cardiovascular diseases (21.4%) predominated the consultation spectrum, with a marked age-dependent shift from neonatal conditions in early infancy to neurological disorders thereafter. Following specialist evaluation, 92.5% of children received vaccination advice: 76.7% were recommended for standard or single-dose sequential vaccination, and 15.8% for inactivated vaccines only; only 2.7% were advised to defer all vaccinations. Among 1182 children who were subsequently vaccinated, 174 reported AEFI, yielding an incidence of 14.7%. Fever was the predominant manifestation (70.7% of AEFI), and the vast majority (99.4%) of events occurred in children under 4 y of age. This study demonstrates that under the guidance of a specialized vaccination clinic, over 90% of CSHCN can be safely vaccinated. Individualized assessment based on age and disease characteristics is pivotal to ensuring immunization in this vulnerable population, thereby safeguarding their right to protection against vaccine-preventable diseases.
Yu Song, Jingjing Sun, Yu Ling et al.· Human Vaccines & Immunothera...· 0 citations
Immunization remains one of the most effective strategies for preventing childhood morbidity and mortality, yet coverage in Somalia continues to be among the lowest globally. Persistent insecurity, population mobility, and systemic health system challenges limit the uptake of routine childhood vaccines. Given the extremely low levels of full immunization coverage reported nationally, this study assessed minimum immunization coverage, defined as a proxy indicator representing receipt of at least one dose of key childhood vaccines. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of minimum immunization coverage and examine maternal and household factors associated with childhood vaccination among children aged 12 to 23 months. This study analyzed nationally representative data from the 2020 Somalia Health and Demographic Survey. A total of 2,969 children aged 12 to 23 months were included. Weighted descriptive statistics were used to summarize population characteristics, with percentages adjusted for the complex survey design, while bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with minimum immunization coverage. All analyses accounted for the complex sampling design, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Only 4% of children received the minimum recommended vaccinations. Significant disparities were observed across regions, with coverage ranging from 1% to 9%. In the adjusted analysis, children of mothers aged 25–34 years (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25–0.63, p < 0.001) and 35–49 years (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.87, p = 0.023) had lower odds of receiving minimum immunization coverage compared with children of mothers aged 15–24 years. Maternal primary education (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.36–4.42, p = 0.003) and secondary or higher education (AOR = 5.80, 95% CI: 2.69–12.50, p < 0.001), higher household wealth, and regional location were significantly associated with minimum immunization coverage. Minimum immunization coverage among Somali children remains critically low, reflecting persistent inequities in access to routine vaccination services. Maternal age, maternal education, household wealth, and regional location were key factors associated with immunization uptake. Strengthening routine immunization systems, expanding outreach to underserved and mobile populations, and addressing socioeconomic barriers may help increase vaccine coverage and reduce preventable childhood mortality in Somalia.
Mohamed Mohamud Mohamed, A. Artan, Abdirashid Mohamed Hussein et al.· Discover Public Health· 0 citations
Background: Childhood vaccination remains one of the most successful public health measures to prevent infectious diseases and decrease child mortality. However, a significant obstacle in achieving optimal vaccinations globally is the increasing vaccine hesitancy due to safety concerns, misinformation, and lack of trust and access barriers. Recognizing the determinants of vaccine hesitancy and effective communication strategies are critical to improve vaccine uptake among children. Objective: This study aims to examine the factors associated with childhood vaccine hesitancy and the impact of public health communication approaches on increasing immunization rates as well as vaccine acceptance. Methods: We applied a mixed-method evaluation methodology incorporating vaccination coverage, vaccine hesitancy indicators, communication efficacy measures as well as public health intervention outcomes from international health databases as well as national surveys. Comparative analyses were performed to assess the effect of communication methods on awareness, trust and immunization coverage. Results: The data indicated that 36.5% of participants had safety concerns and 31.2% had been exposed to misinformation. Communication interventions enhanced knowledge scores about 58 to 81, trust scores from 55 to 76 and vaccine acceptance from 64% to 88%. On the whole, vaccination coverage went up by 22%, and trust in the community went up by 28%. Conclusion: successful public health communication strategies have been shown to substantially lower vaccine hesitancy and enhance childhood immunization rates. Scaling up awareness campaigns, community participation, and evidence-based communication can strengthen vaccine confidence and sustain immunization programmers.
D. S, Dr. Bhavani Ganapathy, Prakash P et al.· Adolescência e Saúde· 0 citations