Aug 2026· Journal of Clinical Medicine· Vol 15, pp. 6360· 0 citations· 28 references
Medicine
TL;DR
In this single-centre retrospective cohort, adults aged <30 years with lung cancer were predominantly female never-smokers with adenocarcinoma, and among the selectively tested advanced-stage subgroup, ALK fusions were common.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Lung cancer is increasingly recognized in young adults, but data specific to patients younger than 30 years remain scarce. We aimed to characterise the clinicopathological features, molecular profiles, and survival outcomes of lung cancer in adults younger than 30 years. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Patients aged 18 to 30 years with pathologically confirmed primary lung cancer, admitted between August 2011 and October 2021, were identified from the pathology and oncology databases of the study centre; eligibility and exclusion criteria and the resulting analytic cohort are summarized below (a screened/excluded patient count could not be reconstructed retrospectively; see Limitations). Demographics, histology, stage (eighth-edition TNM), driver mutations, and treatment were extracted, and the extent of missing data for each variable was assessed. Molecular testing was not performed prospectively for this study; rather, we report driver-mutation results that had already been generated as part of routine clinical care for patients in whom testing was clinically indicated and archived tissue was available. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test; hazard ratios (HRs) were derived from univariate Cox regression and are reported as exploratory/descriptive given the non-randomized comparison (see Discussion). Results: Among 139 patients meeting eligibility criteria, the cohort was predominantly female (65.5%) and most individuals were never-smokers (92.8%), with adenocarcinoma predominating (93.5%). Stage I (61.2%) and stage IV (30.2%) were most common. Of 34 patients (24.5%) with available molecular testing results, 23 (67.6%) carried a driver mutation, of whom 19 (82.6%) had stage IV disease. Among mutation-positive patients—drawn from a selectively tested subcohort enriched for advanced-stage disease—ALK rearrangement was most frequent (13; 56.5%). In the stage IV subgroup, patients who received first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) had a longer observed OS than those who did not (median, 88 vs. 24 months); this exploratory, non-randomized comparison is reported descriptively rather than as an adjusted treatment-effect estimate (see Limitations). Conclusions: In this single-centre retrospective cohort, adults aged <30 years with lung cancer were predominantly female never-smokers with adenocarcinoma. Among the selectively tested advanced-stage subgroup, ALK fusions were common. These data justify further multicentre study and broader contemporary molecular characterisation.
Despite more aggressive clinicopathological features, EOLC was associated with better survival outcomes and distinct driver gene alteration profiles highlight the need to identify targetable alterations and implement targeted therapy in this enriched population of lung cancer patients.
Hong-Liang Liu, Bi-Bo Li, Zhikai Yu et al.· Frontiers in Oncology· 0 citations
Background/Aims
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in younger patients is uncommon, and its clinical behavior and prognosis remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of young-onset HCC using large-scale datasets.
Methods
This study analyzed two cohorts: the Asan Medical Center (AMC) HCC registry (2009-2023) and the nationwide Korean Liver Cancer Association (KLCA) registry. Young-onset HCC was defined as age ≤40 years. The primary comparison was between young (≤40 years) and non-young (>40 years) patients, with additional analyses using three age groups (≤40, 41-65, >65 years). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for baseline differences. Overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), treatment patterns, and treatment intensity were evaluated. In the KLCA cohort, survival analyses were restricted to patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2021.
Results
A total of 21,699 AMC patients and 21,172 KLCA patients were included. Young-onset HCC accounted for 955 (4.4%) and 627 (3.0%) of cases, respectively. Before matching, younger patients had larger tumors, higher alpha-fetoprotein levels, and more advanced disease. After PSM, OS was comparable between groups in the AMC cohort (median 3.8 vs. 4.0 years; p=0.890) and in the KLCA cohort (median 3.7 vs. 2.9 years; p=0.053). Stage-stratified analyses showed no significant differences in OS. RFS was also similar between groups in the AMC cohort. Initial treatment distribution and longitudinal treatment intensity were comparable between groups, whereas patients aged >65 years were less likely to receive curative treatments.
Conclusions
Young-onset HCC shows more aggressive tumor features but similar outcomes after adjustment. Age alone may not be an independent determinant of prognosis.
Eunju Kim, Min Young Kim, Jina Park et al.· Journal of Liver Cancer· 0 citations
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. In recent years, molecular targeted therapies particularly those aimed at epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have improved clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Despite these advances, the overall disease burden remains high, highlighting the importance of early molecular characterization.
This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at a tertiary care medical college in Eastern India over a period of 2 years (August 2021 to September 2023). All histopathologically confirmed cases of non small cell carcinoma were included in the study. Clinical and radiological data were analyzed. EGFR mutation testing was performed, including exon-specific analysis on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks.
A total of 84 patients were included, comprising 62 males (73.8%) and 22 females (26.2%). Most female cases were in the 41–60 years age group, while 62.9% of males were over 60 years. Peripheral lung lesions were noted in 44 cases, of which 40 (90.3%) were adenocarcinomas. Among the 51 adenocarcinoma cases, 16 (31.3%) were EGFR mutation-positive. Mutations were most commonly identified in exons 18, 19, and 21, with a few cases showing dual exon involvement.
EGFR mutation analysis is crucial in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to NSCLC. Integration of molecular diagnostics into routine pathology practice enables appropriate use of anti-EGFR therapies, improving prognosis and reducing treatment resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.
Yugosmita Patra, P. Panda, Pranati Mohanty et al.· South Asian Journal of Cance...· 0 citations
Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer (PC) has traditionally been regarded as a disease of older men, most commonly diagnosed after the age of 70 years. Recent epidemiological data indicate an increasing incidence of this malignancy among men younger than 55 years, with important clinical and therapeutic implications. The present study aimed to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of PC in young patients diagnosed at a tertiary referral urology center in western Romania. Materials and Methods: Medical records and the electronic database of the “Pius Brînzeu” County Emergency Clinical Hospital in Timișoara (PBCECHT) were reviewed to identify men aged ≤55 years diagnosed with PC over a 10-year period (2015–2024). Collected data included: the age at diagnosis, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, specimen type, histologic type, Gleason score/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group, tumor stage, and additional prognostic factors. Results: Of the 1742 patients diagnosed with PC during the study period, 70 (4.02%) were aged ≤55 years. The average age at diagnosis for the group of young men was 52.47 years. Most patients were from urban areas (64.29%). The PSA was available in 51/70 cases (range: 1.35–5182; median: 15; IQR: 51). The mean Gleason score was 7.15, and the mean ISUP grade group was 2.5. Histologically, acinar adenocarcinoma predominated, while a minority of cases showed mixed acinar and ductal/adenocarcinomas with ductal features. Most tumors (70%) were clinically significant. Conclusions: Although less common, PC in young men often exhibits aggressive features. It is crucial to consider genetic risk factors and a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management.
Vlad Dema, Alexei Croitor, Robert Barna et al.· Medicina· 0 citations
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent malignancy with a steadily increasing incidence. This study examined the association between clinical and pathological factors and RCC patient survival outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with malignant renal tumors who underwent surgical resection at Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital between April 2017 and March 2022. Eligible patients were identified through a review of medical records and recruited using a convenience sampling method. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected for each patient. Results: Of the 171 patients, 104 were males and 67 were females with a mean age of 57.9 years (SD±14.5). The one-, three, and five-year overall survival rates were 84.7%, 72.4%, and 70.5%, respectively. Univariate regression analysis revealed that five-year mortality following surgical intervention was strongly associated with moderate-to-severe anemia HR: 6.495, 95%CI: 3.618-11.660, p<0.001), elevated ESR (HR: 6.690, 95%CI: 3.122-14.335, p<0.001), presence of necrosis (HR 13.216, 95% CI 5.213-33.509, p < 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (HR 7.988, 95% CI 4.184-15.251, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified moderate-to-severe anemia, lymphovascular invasion, and stage III &IV, high ESR and eGFR<45 as strong predictors of five-year mortality. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering clinical and pathological features in the management and prognosis of RCC patients.
Mohammad Sadri, S. Masudi, S. Farshid et al.· Caspian Journal of Internal...· 0 citations
Introduction: non-small cell lung cancer accounts for most lung cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although tumour-node-metastasis staging remains the cornerstone of prognostication, histological subtype and tumour differentiation may provide additional prognostic value, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where advanced molecular testing is limited. Evidence on these factors in Ethiopia is scarce. Methods: an institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 202 adult patients who received follow-up care at three specialised hospitals in Ethiopia between January 2020 and January 2025. Data were extracted from medical records and supplemented with telephone follow-up to ascertain survival outcomes. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to identify independent predictors of mortality, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: the median overall survival was 10 months. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had significantly better survival than those with non-squamous cell carcinoma (log-rank p = 0.020). Survival also differed significantly by histological differentiation (log-rank p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, advanced primary tumour stage, contralateral nodal involvement, distant metastasis, non-squamous histology, moderately or poorly differentiated /undifferentiated tumours, and poor performance status were independently associated with worse survival. Similarly, Patients aged 40-59 years and ≥ 60 years had significantly lower hazards of death compared with patients aged under 40 years. Conclusion: histological subtype and tumour differentiation are independent predictors of survival among NSCLC patients in Ethiopia, beyond conventional TNM staging. These findings provide context-specific evidence from an Ethiopian cohort, where advanced molecular profiling is limited, and highlight the prognostic value of routinely available histopathological features in guiding clinical decision-making in resource-constrained settings.
Binalfew Tsehay, M. Afework, Wondwossen Ergete et al.· The Pan African Medical Jour...· 0 citations
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