The Role of Active Surveillance in Patients with Low-Risk Prostate Adenocarcinoma Harboring a Germline Brca2 Mutation: A Critical Discussion of Recent Evidence

Predicting pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals and in the general population: how long is the road yet?

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a significant global health burden, projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the Western world by 2030. Due to the lack of effective population-wide screening methods, targeted surveillance of high-risk individuals-those with a lifetime risk exceeding 5-10% based on family history or pathogenic germline variants-represents the most viable strategy for early detection. Current surveillance protocols utilize endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify potentially curable T1N0M0 tumors or high-grade precursor lesions. Clinical evidence demonstrates that these programs significantly improve outcomes, increasing the detection of stage I tumors and raising 5-year overall survival rates from 9% to 50%. This editorial emphasizes that the future effectiveness of PDAC prevention lies in refined risk stratification through universal germline testing, the integration of polygenic and environmental data, and the provision of comprehensive psychosocial support to manage the emotional impact of surveillance.

Reducing the burden of active surveillance monitoring examinations in prostate cancer: Insights from real-world data to inform clinical practice.

A model using simple, routine parameters and PSA doubling time can identify those at minimal risk of reclassification, enabling a safe reduction in biopsy intensity, and advocates for a risk-adaptive AS protocol.

Prevalence of Metastatic Disease at Diagnosis among Men with Prostate Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Metastatic Prostrate cancer has become a major concern to the public health and a silent threat to the African men, with several patients presenting at elevated stage of the disease. Thus, the study deployed a systematic review approach as well as meta-analyses to examine the prevalence of the disease at diagnoses stage among the African men that have prostate cancer. Eligible search of studies at metastatic status at presentations were explored. The outcome shows a high prevalences of metastatic prostate cancer at diagnoses within the African men with affected parts being the bone and lymph nodes. Furthermore, it was observed that late presentation usually occur which could be due to limited screening provisions, low education and barriers to health care facilities. These findings suggest the urgent need for adequate early detection program, improvement in access to diagnostic services as well as improved cancer care system so as to reduce the stress of elevated metastatic prostate cancer, thus, improving survival of African men.

Hereditary ovarian cancer: BRCA-Associated risk, screening limitations, and risk-reduction strategies

Hereditary susceptibility accounts for a clinically meaningful proportion of epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers, with pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 producing the largest and best-characterized risks. This narrative and critical review examines how BRCA-associated risk should influence genetic identification, ovarian cancer surveillance, and preventive decision-making. Literature searches conducted in August 2026 prioritized clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, prospective cohorts, pivotal screening studies, and contemporary trials of risk-reducing surgery. Evidence consistently shows that BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers have markedly different age-specific tubo-ovarian cancer risks, which supports gene-specific timing of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy after completion of childbearing. Screening based on cancer antigen 125 and transvaginal ultrasonography may detect some cancers earlier, particularly when longitudinal algorithms are used, but it has not been shown to reduce mortality and should not be considered an equivalent alternative to preventive surgery. Salpingo-oo phorectomy substantially reduces tubo-ovarian cancer risk and is associated with improved survival, although premature menopause, quality-of-life effects, and residual primary peritoneal cancer risk require anticipatory management. Salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy improves menopause-related outcomes in prospective studies, but its oncologic non-inferiority remains unproven. Effective prevention therefore depends on timely genetic testing, individualized counseling, technically complete surgery, and careful management of reproductive and menopausal consequences.

Genomic-Guided Adjuvant Therapy in Early-stage Endometrial Cancer: a Review

2026 Updates to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: AUA/SUO Guideline.

PURPOSE The survival rate for the majority of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is favorable; however, the rates of recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer are important surrogate endpoints for overall prognosis, as these are major determinants of long-term outcome. The recurrence and progression probability rates depend on several clinical and pathologic factors. Therefore, the ability to predict risk of recurrence and progression and treating the disease appropriately is important. This Guideline provides a risk-stratified clinical framework for the management of NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the 2025 update, a modified version of the Guideline search strategy was used to conduct a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE and Embase for new evidence published between May 2023 and December 2025. The modified search added keywords for newly added therapeutic agents in accordance with the updated populations, interventions, comparators, and outcomes. The systematic search identified 2933 studies, of which 71 studies met inclusion criteria following title and abstract screening. Full-text review resulted in 38 studies being included in the final evidence base. RESULTS Updates were made to NMIBC risk stratification and statements on biomarkers, subtype histologies, transurethral resection, intravesical therapy, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin maintenance, enhanced cystoscopy, and future directions. Revisions were made to the methodology and reference sections as appropriate. CONCLUSIONS The Guideline updates herein seek to improve clinicians' ability to evaluate and treat patients with NMIBC based on currently available evidence. Future studies will be essential to further support or refine these statements to improve patient care.