Cynaroside targets distinct metabolic pathways in gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria: an integrated multi-omics study

Antibacterial and anti-virulence mechanisms of Etlingera pavieana extract against Staphylococcus aureus and its efficacy in a food matrix

Staphylococcus aureus poses a significant threat to food safety, driving the search for effective antibacterial agents. This study investigated the antibacterial and anti-virulence properties of the ethanolic extract of Etlingera pavieana rhizome (EE) against S. aureus . EE exhibited bactericidal activity with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 4 mg/mL. Targeted chemical analysis quantified p -coumaric acid and 4-methoxycinnamyl p -coumarate as primary non-volatile phenolic markers, alongside estragole (71.37%) as the dominant volatile constituent. Mechanistically, EE induced alterations in the bacterial cell surface, evidenced by a significant reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity, which subsequently inhibited biofilm formation. Furthermore, the extract impaired the staphyloxanthin antioxidant shield, rendering the pathogen hypersensitive to oxidative stress during photodynamic inactivation. To validate these findings in a complex environment, EE was evaluated in a lipid- and protein-rich pork broth model. The extract significantly reduced bacterial populations at a high inoculum (~ 10 5  CFU/mL) and prevented regrowth at a lower inoculum (~ 10 3  CFU/mL) over 72 h. These findings highlight the potential of E. pavieana rhizome extract as a multifaceted antibacterial agent capable of controlling S. aureus growth and attenuating its virulence factors within complex biological matrices.

Multitarget Quorum-Sensing Inhibition by Commiphora quadricincta Oleo-gum Resin: Integrated Metabolomics, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics

Aquatic-derived Streptomyces cavourensis BA1 as a promising source of antibacterial metabolites against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens

4-Pentenoic acid exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens by disrupting bacterial membrane integrity and inhibiting efflux pump systems.

The antibacterial activities of numerous medium and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids are well documented. However, the natural short-chain unsaturated fatty acid, 4-pentenoic acid (C5:1 Δ4) has not been systematically evaluated for its antibacterial activity, mechanism of action, or application potential. This study investigated these to provide a basis for novel preservatives. 4-Pentenoic acid showed broad-spectrum activity against 21 strains of pathogenic bacteria, with MICs 1.5-3 mg/mL, MBCs 3-6 mg/mL, and low resistance risk. It disrupted bacterial membrane integrity, inhibited biofilm formation, and regulated the pdu, nar and RND efflux pump genes, thereby affecting bacterial metabolism and stress responses. Checkerboard broth microdilution susceptibility assays confirmed that the combination of 4-pentenoic acid with antibiotics (such as meropenem) exerted additive antibacterial effects. At effective antibacterial concentrations, oral administration of 4-pentenoic acid caused no observable toxicity. It can markedly inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in milk, beef, and peanut butter, while dosages close to the minimum inhibitory concentration exerted minimal adverse effects on the sensory properties and pH of these foods. In summary, this study provides theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new food preservatives and antibacterial agents.

Screening of Actinomycetes from Rhizosphere Soils for L-glutaminase Production

The integrated experimental and in silico approach highlights soil-derived actinomycetes as versatile and sustainable bioresources with significant pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential, emphasizing their role in combating antimicrobial resistance and enabling the rational development of novel therapeutic and industrial products.

Pyoluteorin Production Drives the Antimicrobial-Potentiating Activity of Alpaca Oral Microbiota Components