THE IMPACT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET ON LIFESTYLE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN KOSOVO

Abstract

The Mediterranean diet is widely recognized for its beneficial effects in lowering blood pressure and improving lifestyle through a high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, fish, and nuts, along with reduced consumption of saturated fats and processed foods. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Mediterranean diet on lifestyle and key health parameters among patients with hypertension in Kosovo. The study included 120 patients aged 40–70 years diagnosed with hypertension and monitored in primary health care centers. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group that followed Mediterranean diet recommendations for 12 weeks (n=60) and a control group that maintained their usual diet (n=60). Data collection included validated lifestyle questionnaires, body mass index (BMI) assessment, and measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after the intervention period. The results demonstrated that adherence to the Mediterranean diet led to statistically significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (from 148.6 ± 10.4 mmHg to 134.2 ± 8.7 mmHg, p<0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (from 92.3 ± 6.8 mmHg to 84.1 ± 5.9 mmHg, p<0.05). Additionally, a decrease in BMI (−1.6 kg/m²) was observed, alongside improved dietary habits characterized by higher intake of plant-based foods and healthy fats. Participants in the intervention group also reported increased physical activity and reduced consumption of salt and processed foods. In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet represents an effective non-pharmacological approach for improving lifestyle and managing hypertension in Kosovo, with important implications for public health strategies.