「答えを求める学習」から「構造を探究する学習」へ : 三角図を用いた再構成とWhat-if-notによる比例構造の探究

Abstract

In learning arithmetic word problems, the process of reading the problem statement, determining appropriate operations, and obtaining the answer often becomes the central focus. As a result, the relational structure of quantities underlying the problem is not always treated explicitly as an object of learning. This study aims to shift the focus of learning from answer exploration to structure exploration by proposing a learning approach called learning that begins with answers. In this approach, learners start from problems that they are already able to solve and explore the underlying structures through structural reconstruction and condition modification using the What-if-not strategy. Through this process, learners investigate the conditions under which a structure holds and the ways in which it can be transformed. This paper presents a design of structure exploration learning based on the triangle diagram, an integrated domain model for proportional structures, using proportional relationships as a concrete example.