基于“气-血-水”理论的慢性肾脏病辨治思路与研究进展(Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches to Chronic Kidney Disease Based on the “Qi-Blood-Water” Theory: Research Progress)

Abstract

Abstract: The “Qi-Blood-Water” theory originates from the Huangdi Neijing, with Zhang Zhongjing establishing its diagnostic foundation, and has been further developed and refi ned by later physicians. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a prolonged course and complex pathogenesis, primarily involving defi ciency of kidney Qi, which subsequently leads to blood stasis and fl uid retention—three factors that interweave and mutually reinforce each other. This article systematically explores the core principles of the “Qi-Blood-Water” theory and its role in the pathogenic evolution of CKD, summarizes contemporary clinical approaches based on this theory, and integrates expert questionnaire surveys, the theory of renal network syndrome and phlegm masses, as well as molecular markers such as CTGF, to analyze its modern biological basis. Studies indicate that the combined application of tonifying Qi, activating blood circulation, and promoting diuresis precisely targets the CKD pathogenesis of “underlying defi ciency and superfi cial excess,” representing a crucial strategy for slowing disease progression.