TL;DR
It is proposed that perioperative neurocognitive disorders involves complex interactions among peripheral immune activation, neurovascular dysfunction, microglial state transitions, and neuronal vulnerability.
General anesthetics profoundly alter brain function and consciousness, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. Although traditional studies have primarily focused on neuronal targets, accumulating evidence suggests that microglia dynamically respond to anesthetic exposure and may par...
The current literature supports a biologically plausible, multi-target model for esketamine, but not an established preventive effect against perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
This review summarizes recent advances in microglial biology across acute brain injury, neurodegenerative and demyelinating disorders, central nervous system infections, and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases and provides new opportunities for precision therapy.
This review summarizes how astrocytes contribute to neuroinflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, central nervous system injury, infection, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder.
Perioperative delirium is an acute disturbance of attention and awareness that arises when surgical stress interacts with limited brain reserve. Synaptic dysfunction provides a plausible connection between genetic susceptibility, neuroimmune responses and fluctuating network activity, but the strength of evidence diffe...
Abstract Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are clinically important complications in older surgical patients, but broad neuroinflammatory models do not fully explain age-related susceptibility or failed recovery. Aging alters microglial surveillance, phagocytosis, mitochondrial function, lipid handling, and...
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