Jul 2026· Gunung Djati Conference Series· 0 citations
Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important legume crop that plays a strategic role as a source of plant-based protein, a functional food ingredient, and an adaptive crop widely cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions. Mung bean are a legume crop with high agronomic potential, mung bean productivity still faces several challenges, particularly due to climate change and rainfall patterns. These environmental changes can reduce water availability in agricultural lands and increase the risk of drought stress. Low water availability is one of the primary limiting factors in mung bean cultivation because it impedes overall plant performance, such as growth, phenological development, and physiological functions. Water deficit can disrupt plant biological processes through reduced tissue water status, impaired nutrient uptake and distribution, decreased metabolic activity, and increased oxidative stress, which eventually leads to reduced productivity. Under drought stress conditions, potassium (K) plays a crucial role as an essential nutrient that helps improve plant tolerance to water limitations. Potassium contributes to maintaining osmotic balance, improve water use efficiency, support physiological stability, and strengthening plant adaptation mechanisms against drought stress. Therefore, proper potassium management can be a potential strategy to improve mungbean resilience and maintain plant performance under low water availability conditions.
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important crop contributing to global food security. However, its productivity is severely affected by drought stress, particularly during the growth and grain filling stages. Drought stress reduces yield components such as pod number, seeds per pod, and grain weight due to disruptions in physiological and metabolic processes. It also negatively impacts crop quality by limiting nutrient accumulation and grain development. Potassium plays an important role in increasing plant tolerance to drought stress through various mechanisms. At the physiological level, potassium increases the efficiency of photosynthesis, regulates stomatal function, and maintains cellular osmotic balance, allowing plants to maintain turgor and metabolic activity under conditions of water deficit. At the biochemical level, potassium activates antioxidant enzymes that mitigate oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, potassium supports the translocation of assimilates from source to recipient organs, thus promoting pod formation and grain filling. Adequate potassium supply also improves crop quality, including better nutrient content and grain uniformity. The interaction between potassium and water availability exhibits a synergistic effect, with optimal potassium levels increasing water use efficiency and mitigating the negative impacts of drought stress. Therefore, proper potassium management combined with efficient irrigation strategies is crucial for maintaining mung bean productivity and quality under drought conditions, thus supporting a more adaptive and sustainable agricultural system.
Zavira Nurul Rachmaniar, Eka Kartina, Aep Wawan Irwan et al.· Gunung Djati Conference Seri...· 0 citations
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is a short-duration pulse crop of global importance, valued for its nutritional quality, nitrogen-fixing ability, and adaptability to semi-arid climates. In Afghanistan, particularly under Kabul agro-climatic conditions, productivity remains below global averages due to poor soil fertility, limited access to improved varieties, and inadequate nutrient management. This review synthesizes recent evidence (2022–2026) on organic and inorganic fertilizer practices in mung bean cultivation. Organic amendments such as poultry manure at higher application rates (8–10 t ha⁻¹) significantly enhance vegetative growth, pod formation, and grain yield [1,2,4]. Inorganic NPK fertilizers provide immediate nutrient availability but risk long-term soil degradation if applied alone [3,6]. Integrated nutrient management (INM), combining mineral fertilizers with organic inputs, improves soil fertility, microbial activity, and sustainability, offering superior productivity outcomes [7,11,12]. Improved varieties such as Enam demonstrate positive responses under INM strategies, underscoring the importance of genotype × environment × management interactions [2,5,9]. Recent studies highlight biofertilizers and micronutrient supplementation as promising approaches to further enhance nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and seed quality [3,8,10]. Key research gaps remain in varietal performance, soil fertility constraints, and region-specific INM practices. Adoption of integrated fertilizer management can substantially improve mung bean productivity and soil health in Kabul and similar semi-arid regions, contributing to food security and sustainable agriculture.
Shafiullah Mohmand, Prof. Mohammad Hamid Osmankhil· International Journal of Cur...· 0 citations
Black gram [Vigna mungo (L.)] is an important pulse crop widely cultivated for its high protein content, nitrogen-fixing ability and contribution to soil fertility improvement. However, the productivity of black gram is often constrained by nutrient imbalance, poor soil fertility and increasing abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. Silicon (Si), although not recognized as an essential plant nutrient, has gained considerable attention because of its beneficial role in enhancing plant growth, nutrient-use efficiency, stress tolerance and crop productivity. Therefore, integrated use of silicon with organic and inorganic nutrient sources has emerged as a promising strategy for improving growth, yield, grain quality and sustainability in pulse-based cropping systems. This review work was carried out at the faculty of agricultural sciences, GLA University and the School of Agriculture, Uttaranchal University. A systematic cum integrative review of research work conducted in different parts of the world, particularly in India, was comprehended. The literature search was conducted during 2024-2025. About 180 review and research papers were screened from various databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, ResearchGate, ARCC journals, Web of Science and other scientific repositories, out of which relevant published papers were critically analyzed and used for preparation of this review manuscript. The reviewed studies demonstrated that integrated application of silicon with organic and inorganic nutrient sources significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes, nutrient uptake, grain quality and post-harvest soil health in black gram and related crops. Silicon application enhanced plant height, root and shoot growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient absorption and stress tolerance under adverse environmental conditions. Improved yield performance was associated with better water-use efficiency, balanced nutrient availability and enhanced physiological activities. Silicon-mediated improvement in grain quality, including higher protein content and improved mineral composition, was also reported. Furthermore, integrated nutrient management practices involving silicon contributed to improved soil microbial activity, nutrient cycling, organic carbon accumulation and long-term soil fertility. The findings indicate that silicon-based integrated nutrient management can serve as an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for improving productivity, quality and resilience of black gram production systems.
Rohit Kumar, Narendar Jannu, Nilotpal Das et al.· Legume Research An Internati...· 0 citations
Climate change has worsened soil salinity through rising temperatures, sea water intrusion, irregular rainfall patterns, and increased evapotranspiration, making salinity one of the major constraints in soybean cultivation worldwide. Salinity stress inhibits plant growth, disrupts nutrient uptake, reduces photosynthesis, induces oxidative stress, and ultimately decreases crop productivity. In addition, excessive salt accumulation deteriorates soil structure, suppresses beneficial microbial activity, and limits nutrient availability, thereby threatening soil health and sustainable agricultural production. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be utilized as an environmentally friendly alternative approach to enhance plant tolerance to saline conditions while reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and other external inputs. This review examines the extent to which beneficial rhizobacteria improve soybean growth and productivity under salinity stress conditions. The method employed was a systematic literature review combined with bibliometric analysis based on network visualization using VOSviewer. Literature sources were obtained from Scopus covering the period 2020–2026, with article selection conducted using inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 22 relevant articles. The findings indicate that bacteria such as Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum brasilense, and several other halotolerant bacteria significantly improve soybean tolerance to salinity stress through phytohormone production, biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, regulation of Na⁺/K⁺ ion balance, osmoprotectant accumulation, exopolysaccharide production, and activation of antioxidant defense systems. Furthermore, PGPR substantially contribute to soil health by improving soil aggregation, enhancing microbial biodiversity, stimulating nutrient cycling, increasing soil enzyme activities, and improving nutrient-use efficiency in saline soils. Quantitatively, PGPR application has been reported to increase soybean growth and productivity by approximately 15–45% under saline conditions while reducing salt-induced physiological damage. These findings highlight the strong potential of PGPR as a sustainable long-term strategy for saline land management to restore soil health, strengthen climate resilience, and enhance soybean productivity.
M. Ikbal, F. Hibatullah, N. N. Kamaluddin et al.· International Journal of Lif...· 0 citations
Drought stress in agricultural land disrupts the physiological processes, growth, and yield of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). This study evaluated the physiological responses, growth, and yield of kale treated with salicylic acid, a potential strategy to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress, in a greenhouse at the Department of Agriculture, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. A 4 × 4 factorial experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was drought level (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% field capacity). The second factor was salicylic acid (SA) concentration 0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 mM). The results indicated that physiological responses (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage) remained largely stable under moderate drought stress (60% FC), whereas plant growth parameters (plant height, leaf number, and leaf area) were reduced by 14.5–20.7% compared with the control (100% FC). At 40% FC, both physiological and growth responses were more severely affected; electrolyte leakage increased markedly, and plant height, leaf area, and dry biomass weight decreased by 24.4%, 47.2%, and 60.5%, respectively, compared with the control (P < 0.05). The best treatment was the application of 1.5 mM salicylic acid, which increased the relative water content by 4.13% and decreased the electrolyte leakage by 34.70% compared to untreated plants (P < 0.05). This concentration was likely more effective due to optimal stomatal regulation, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and maintained membrane integrity, indicating that 1.5 mM SA has potential as a biostimulant to improve kale water status and membrane stability. However, field validation across locations and seasons is needed before recommending it for dryland farming.
Rosyida Rosyida, A. Dinana, Karno Karno et al.· Agro Bali: Agricultural Jour...· 0 citations
Irrigation water is increasingly recognized as a potential nutrient source in intensive vegetable systems, particularly in peri-urban areas influenced by organic and wastewater inputs. This study evaluated the effects of organic-rich irrigation water on yield and quality of mustard greens ( Brassica juncea L.) grown on Red River alluvial soil, and quantified its contribution to nitrogen supply. A greenhouse experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatments compared Cau Bay canal water, treated domestic wastewater, and groundwater, with and without chemical fertilization, across three cropping seasons. Organic-rich irrigation significantly improved plant growth and yield compared with unfertilized groundwater, supplying approximately 19–22 kg N ha -1 per crop season (27.5–31.0% of the recommended nitrogen rate). Yield increased by 30–70%, although maximum productivity still depended on mineral fertilization. Nitrate accumulation rose consistently with nitrogen availability and was strongly associated with yield and root traits, indicating that nitrogen supply simultaneously enhances productivity and nitrate storage. Multivariate analysis showed that growth, yield, and nitrate accumulation aligned along a common gradient governed by nitrogen availability, revealing a system-level trade-off between productivity and product quality. These results demonstrated that irrigation water functions not only as a water source but also as an active nutrient carrier influencing crop performance and nutrient dynamics. Integrating irrigation water quality into fertilization strategies is therefore essential to improve resource use efficiency while mitigating risks of nitrate accumulation, food safety concerns, and environmental impacts.
Thu Thi Ngoc Duong, N. T. T. Nguyen, Dinh Thi Ngoc Nguyen et al.· Journal of Ecological Engine...· 0 citations
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