THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SKIN AGING: THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS - NARRATIVE REVIEW
Abstract
Skin aging is a multifactorial process driven by intrinsic mechanisms and environmental exposures, with oxidative stress playing a central role in cutaneous deterioration. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated both endogenously and through external factors such as ultraviolet radiation and pollution, contribute to collagen degradation, impaired barrier function, and structural skin damage. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity and skin aging, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress–related mechanisms. Regular moderate exercise appears to have beneficial effects through improved cutaneous blood flow, enhanced antioxidant defense, mitochondrial adaptation, and stimulation of collagen-related pathways. Physical activity may also improve skin hydration, elasticity, and dermal structure. However, excessive or poorly adapted exercise may increase ROS production and inflammatory responses, potentially accelerating tissue damage. Outdoor physical activity additionally exposes the skin to environmental stressors, particularly UV, highlighting the importance of adequate photoprotection. Overall, the effects of exercise on skin aging appear dose-dependent and context-specific.