Background
Wearable technologies are used in sport to monitor training load, biomechanics, physiology, and recovery, but their effectiveness in injury prevention remains uncertain.
Aim
To evaluate evidence on wearables for sports injury prevention using a framework covering measurement validity, injury association, prognostic modelling, implementation, and intervention effectiveness.
Material and methods
A narrative review of wearables monitoring modifiable injury-related factors was conducted. Findings were organized across five translational levels, from measurement validity to injury reduction, following SANRA recommendations [20].
Results
Validity and reliability depend on the device, algorithm, sensor placement, and sporting task. Associations between wearable-derived metrics and injuries are inconsistent and do not support universal risk thresholds. Machine-learning models show promise, but their use is limited by poor external validation, calibration, and methods. Implementation, organizational context, and human decision-making affect practical value. Direct evidence that wearable-guided interventions reduce injuries remains scarce.
Conclusions
Wearables should be viewed as monitoring and decision-support tools rather than autonomous injury-prevention systems. Evidence is strongest for measurement and weakens toward injury reduction. Future research should prioritize multicentre validation, causal modelling, standardized reporting, and pragmatic trials.
Alicja Benecka, Iwona Kawka-Bryk, Oliwia Wróblewska et al.· Quality in Sport· 0 citations
Diabetes mellitus and depression are two major global health challenges that frequently co-occur, with depression being two to three times more prevalent in individuals with diabetes than in the general population. Current evidence confirms a bidirectional relationship, where depression increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 34%, and diabetes elevates the risk of incident depression by 28%. This systematic review explores the complex biological and psychological mechanisms underlying this interplay. Biological pathways include chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by elevated cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP), dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis resulting in hypercortisolemia, and impaired neuroplasticity linked to reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Additionally, central insulin resistance and neurotransmitter alterations in serotonin and dopamine systems further exacerbate both conditions. Psychological and behavioral mediators include the specific emotional burden of diabetes distress, the significant self-management burden associated with insulin therapy and glucose monitoring, and lifestyle factors such as sedentary behavior, poor diet, and sleep disturbances. The presence of comorbid depression is a critical predictor of poor glycemic control (higher HbA1c), increased microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy), and higher mortality rates. Consequently, clinical management must transition toward integrated, multidisciplinary care models that prioritize universal screening and collaborative treatment strategies. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and the validation of biomarkers to enable precision medicine and improve the long-term prognosis for these patients.
Vladyslav Romaniuk, Agnieszka Benecka, Zuzanna Wieczorek et al.· International Journal of Inn...· 0 citations
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