GIFT-BDS: A high-resolution TEC and Gradient Ionospheric Index dataset over 1 China derived from BeiDou GEO fixed-geometry observations 2

Characterizing ionospheric perturbations with refined gradient ionosphere indices

Precision and safety-critical Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications require high-fidelity monitoring of space weather conditions, particularly ionospheric disturbances. These systems are highly sensitive to sharp spatial gradients and rapid Total Electron Content (TEC) variations. To support both opera...

Validation of Global Ionospheric Specification (GIS) Electron Density Measurements During Solar Minimum to Solar Maximum Under Quiet and Disturbed Geomagnetic Conditions

Global Ionospheric Specification (GIS) three‐dimensional electron density profiles constructed by assimilating the line‐of‐sight total electron content (TEC) from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) measurements by FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 (F7/C2) and ground‐based receiver network from internati...

High-precision ionospheric TEC model over China based on ensemble trees

Evolution of the BDGIM via two-step fusion of regional ground-based GNSS and multi-source LEO radio occultation data

Simulation of Equatorial Plasma Bubble Signatures in GNSS TEC

Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are ionospheric plasma depletions that can disrupt Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and degrade positioning at equatorial and low latitudes. Evaluating total electron content (TEC)-based EPB detection using observations is challenging because GNSS links provide sparse,...

A High‐Precision Ionosphere Slant Total Electron Content Forecast Model Based on Physical Information Neural Network

Ionospheric delay is a critical error source for precise positioning and timing with the BeiDou‐3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS‐3), particularly for single‐frequency users. Its rapid variability under disturbed space weather conditions poses significant challenges for short‐term forecasting. This study develops a...