High-precision ionospheric TEC model over China based on ensemble trees

Ensemble regression for GNSS TEC prediction using SF model fusion

Abstract Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) forecasting during geomagnetic storms is crucial for reliable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) operations. Traditional single-frequency ionospheric broadcast correction models (Klobuchar and NeQuick-G models) are likely to have large ionospheric prediction erro...

Selecting ERA5 Grid Spacing for GNSS Tropospheric Parameters over China

ERA5 is the fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. It combines observations with a weather model to reconstruct past atmospheric conditions. We compared its 0.25° and 1° grids to assess tropospheric parameter errors and data requirements for Global Navigatio...

Predicting low-latitude ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) over the Indian sector under variable space weather conditions using solar wind parameters

Accurate prediction of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) during geomagnetically disturbed conditions remains challenging, particularly when empirical models perform poorly during storms and neural network (NN) approaches rely explicitly on geomagnetic indices such as Kp/Ap or Dst/SYM-H. In this study, we develop...

Regional Assessment of the Applicability of IRI-2016, IRI-2020, and AfriTEC Models over East Africa during the Ascending Phase of Solar Cycle 25

Development and Validation of a Multi-Source Data-Fused Empirical TEC Model for North America with a Winter Anomaly Correction

Existing global ionospheric models have limited capability in representing the winter anomaly over North America. This study develops a North American Ionospheric TEC Empirical Model (NAI-TECEM) based on multi-source TEC data fusion. GPS-TEC, CODE-GIM, IRI2020, Jason-TEC, and COSMIC-TEC data from 2010 to 2021 were inte...

Performance of International Reference Ionosphere-2016 and NeQuick-2 Models in Estimating Global Positioning System Total Electron Content Over a Nigerian Equatorial Station during Two Phases of Solar Cycle 24

Aim: This study examines the temporal behaviour of GPS-derived total electron content (GPS-TEC) and evaluates the capability of the International Reference Ionosphere-2016 (IRI-2016) and NeQuick-2 models to reproduce observed ionospheric conditions over Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria (12.64° N, 4.22° E; dip latitude 2.68° N). M...