A novel role for non terrestrial network (NTN) high-altitude platform station (HAPS) as an enabler of energy-efficient operation rather than only coverage extension is investigated, and the HAPS-Hypercell is defined, for the first time, enabling the shutdown of both capacity and coverage macro-cells.
Abstract
Energy consumption remains a dominant operational challenge for current and future cellular systems, especially in dense urban deployments. This paper investigates a novel role for non terrestrial network (NTN) high-altitude platform station (HAPS) as an enabler of energy-efficient operation rather than only coverage extension. We define the HAPS-Hypercell as a wide-area non-terrestrial layer that can assume the coverage role of multiple terrestrial macro-cells, enabling, for the first time, the shutdown of both capacity and coverage macro-cells. We develop a comprehensive third generation partnership project (3GPP)-compliant system model, along with two HAPS-Hypercell pairing architectures that capture the interplay among multiple layers, realistic channel conditions, and distributed carrier shutdown (CS) mechanisms. Our results show that the HAPS-Hypercell can effectively reduce overall network power consumption. We then identify key limitations of a straightforward HAPS integration, laying the groundwork for future optimization and providing key insights for next-generation CS operations.
Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GNN-RSMA interference management algorithm outperforms conventional multiple access schemes while achieving fairness and worst-user performance comparable to successive convex approximation (SCA)-based optimization at only a fraction of its computational cost.
Afsoon Alidadi Shamsabadi, Animesh Yadav, H. Yanikomeroglu· 0 citations
A multi-layer HAP-centric flying ad-hoc network (FANET) is proposed, highlighting HAP-centric FANETs as a foundation for resilient, scalable, and application-oriented 6G NTN deployments.
Muhammet Kirik, Liza Afeef, H. Yanikomeroglu et al.· IEEE Communications Standard...· 0 citations
Numerical results indicate that the proposed framework outperforms benchmark schemes while accounting for traffic demands and EE, resulting in a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) for which finding a globally optimal solution is generally intractable.
Wooseok Cha, Kyeongsoo Kim, Seonghoon Kim et al.· IEEE Transactions on Wireles...· 0 citations
The fifth-generation (5G) networks will provide high capacities with less transmission delays. To meet these
features, it is depicted that these networks must be densified that is with many base stations (BSs) dominated by small BSs.
The BS density to be deployed in a network is a vital design issue since an inappropriate BS deployment could give rise to
displeasing consequences, such as excess interferences, void cells that is cells without users, excess power consumption and
operating costs since over 50% of the total cellular network energy consumption is by BSs. In this paper, the simplex method
of linear programming is used to determine the optimal BS density that can consume the optimal power based on maximizing
the service area. Using the cell edge conditions, we generate radii of the two cells and hence respective areas are determined.
Results show that although all the minimum powers and their respective BSs cover the entire service area, there is an optimal
BS combination with an optimal power consumed.
Fredrick William Mukalazi, E. Mugume, J. Serugunda· International Journal of Inn...· 0 citations
A comprehensive survey and quantitative analysis of network architectures for enabling future sixth-generation (6G) services in rural and underserved regions and identifies emerging technologies, including direct-to-device non-terrestrial access, programmable radio environments, and intelligent RAN control that are expected to play a central role in extending sustainable rural 6G connectivity.
Souradeep Deb, Nishith D. Tripathi, Jeffrey H. Reed· IEEE Open Journal of the Com...· 0 citations
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