Application of Genome editing-CRISPR/Cas9 for the Crop Improvement

CRISPR–Cas technologies for precision genome editing in plants: advances, applications, and future perspectives

This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of a recent advances in CRISPR–Cas technologies and their strategic applications in crop genetics and hybrid breeding, and showcases how these technologies accelerate hybrid breeding by engineering male sterility systems, fixing heterosis, and generating high-throughput mutant libraries for trait discovery.

Emerging applications of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in horticultural crop improvement

CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has emerged as a powerful and precise tool for crop improvement, enabling targeted modification of genes associated with agriculturally important traits. In horticultural crops, CRISPR technologies have accelerated the improvement of disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, yield, nutritional quality, shelf life, flowering behavior, and ornamental characteristics. Among available genome-editing platforms, CRISPR/Cas9 is the most widely utilized because of its simplicity, efficiency, and versatility. The technology enables precise genome modification through targeted DNA cleavage followed by endogenous repair mechanisms, facilitating gene knockout, insertion, or sequence alteration. Recent advances in genome editing have significantly expanded its applications in vegetable, fruit, and ornamental crops. Successful modifications targeting genes associated with stress tolerance, fruit ripening, pigment biosynthesis, flowering regulation, and pathogen resistance demonstrate the enormous potential of CRISPR-mediated breeding for horticultural improvement. However, several challenges, including low transformation efficiency, genotype-dependent regeneration, prolonged juvenile phases, polyploidy, and regulatory concerns, continue to limit its broader application in many horticultural species. This review summarizes recent progress in CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing in horticultural crops, including strategies for guide RNA design, transformation, regeneration, development of transgene-free plants, and regulatory considerations. Furthermore, emerging advances such as precision editing technologies and improved delivery systems are discussed as promising approaches for enhancing editing efficiency and expanding future applications. Overall, CRISPR/Cas technologies hold substantial potential for accelerating the development of climate-resilient, high-quality, and nutritionally improved horticultural crops.

Genome Editing Using Crispr-Cas9 for Genetic Engineering and Nanozyme Technology: A Review

The convergence of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and nanozyme engineering is revolutionizing synthetic biology, biotechnology, and medical science. CRISPR-Cas9, a precise and programmable tool, enables targeted genetic modifications that enhance nanozyme functionality, stability, and catalytic efficiency. Through the site-specific mutagenesis, metabolic pathway regulation, and synthetic biology strategies, researchers have significantly improved nanozyme performance for diverse applications, including environmental remediation, biomedical diagnostics, and industrial catalysis. This article explores the fundamental mechanisms of CRISPR-based genome editing, its role in nanozyme optimization, and the latest breakthroughs in enzyme engineering. It also critically examines challenges such as off-target effects, biosafety concerns, and ethical implications associated with gene-edited nanozymes. As advancements in AI-driven predictive modeling and next-generation gene-editing tools emerge, CRISPR-Cas9 is poised to unlock unprecedented possibilities in bioengineering. The integration of genetic precision with catalytic innovation marks a transformative era, redefining the frontiers of molecular biotechnology and paving the way for groundbreaking applications in medicine, industry, and sustainable technology. 

The Evolution of CRISPR Cas-9 and Its Impact on Plant Breeding for Creating Drought and Disease Resistant Crops

Traditional plant breeding methods have played a significant role in improving crop yield, quality, and disease resistance, but they often require multiple generations of selection, extensive laboratory work, and considerable time to achieve desirable traits. The development of CRISPR Cas-9 genome editing technology has introduced a more precise and efficient approach to plant breeding by enabling targeted genetic modifications without relying solely on conventional breeding techniques. This review examines the evolution of CRISPR Cas-9 technology and its impact on the development of drought tolerant and disease resistant crops. The paper first reviews traditional plant breeding approaches, including natural selection, artificial selection, mutagenesis, protoplast fusion, and polyploidy, before discussing how CRISPR Cas-9 addresses many of the limitations associated with these methods. Published studies involving crops such as rice, tomato, soybean, and tobacco are examined to illustrate the application of CRISPR Cas-9 for improving agronomic traits, enhancing stress tolerance, increasing disease resistance, and improving crop quality. The review also discusses challenges associated with the technology, including regulatory restrictions, ethical concerns, and the technical expertise required for successful implementation. Overall, the evidence suggests that CRISPR Cas-9 has the potential to accelerate plant breeding, improve food security, and support the development of climate resilient crops while reducing the time and uncertainty associated with traditional breeding methods.

A comprehensive review of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing in Leishmania strains: methodologies, applications, challenges and future directions

CRISPR–Cas systems for plant virus management: detection, surveillance, and host resistance

The CRISPR–Cas system has transformed genome manipulation by enabling precise and programmable modification of genetic material. Initially developed as a genome-editing tool, CRISPR technologies have expanded from fundamental research to applied use across plant, animal, and microbial systems due to their simplicity, accuracy, and versatility. In agriculture, CRISPR–Cas9 has progressed from crop improvement to host-directed strategies conferring resistance against a broad range of plant viruses. Concurrently, the discovery of additional Cas effector proteins, particularly Cas12a and Cas13a, has enabled highly sensitive nucleic acid–based diagnostic platforms supporting rapid, field-deployable pathogen detection. Here, we present a focused synthesis integrating CRISPR-mediated host resistance engineering with CRISPR-based diagnostic surveillance within a unified framework for plant virus management. Unlike previous reviews that treat these domains independently, we emphasize their convergence in enabling early detection, real-time surveillance, and targeted intervention across the disease cycle. Cas12a-based systems, currently the most widely implemented, have been coupled with isothermal amplification and visual readouts for rapid virus detection, whereas Cas13a-based platforms offer direct RNA targeting with potential for simplified workflows, although they remain less developed. We examine key design considerations, performance characteristics, and limitations of these platforms, including challenges related to sensitivity, multiplexing, and field deployment. Finally, we highlight future directions, including vector-based detection, multiplex diagnostics, and integration of CRISPR technologies into scalable surveillance systems. Collectively, this review positions CRISPR-based genome editing and diagnostics as complementary components of a next-generation strategy for plant virus detection, surveillance, and management.