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PENGARUH MEDIA PAPAN PERKALIAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATERI OPERASI HITUNG PERKALIAN DI KELAS III SD NEGERI 58 PALEMBANG

Sep 2026 · SCIENCE Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA · Vol 6, pp. 3012-3018 · 2 citations

Abstract

The low mastery of multiplication concepts among third-grade elementary school students is often caused by abstract, verbalistic instruction lacking manipulative concrete media. This condition risks impeding students' mathematical reasoning at higher educational stages, highlighting the urgency of utilizing manipulative concrete media to build meaningful conceptual understanding. This study aims to determine the effect of multiplication board media on students' learning outcomes in multiplication operations among third-grade students at SD Negeri 58 Palembang. This quantitative True-Experimental research using a Posttest-Only Control Group Design was conducted during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year (May 21–23, 2026). The sample was selected using cluster random sampling, comprising 21 students in Class III B as the experimental group and 24 students in Class III A as the control group. Data were gathered through a validated and reliable multiple-choice cognitive test, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, Levene's homogeneity tests, and Independent Sample t-Tests via IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results demonstrated a significant cognitive gain in the experimental group with a mean posttest score of 83.81 (91.30% mastery), significantly outperforming the control group which obtained a mean score of 50.42 (25.00% mastery). Hypothesis testing revealed p=0.001<0.05, leading to the rejection of H_0. This conceptual transformation indicates that manipulative visual interaction on the multiplication board effectively assists students in grasping multiplication as repeated addition concretely. Thus, multiplication board media has a significant and positive effect on elementary students' mathematics learning outcomes in multiplication operations. ABSTRAK Rendahnya penguasaan konsep perkalian pada siswa kelas III sekolah dasar sering kali disebabkan oleh pembelajaran verbalistik dan abstrak tanpa bantuan media konkret yang memadai. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menghambat perkembangan penalaran matematika siswa pada jenjang berikutnya, sehingga diperlukan media konkret manipulatif untuk mengonstruksi pemahaman operasi perkalian secara bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan media papan perkalian terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi operasi hitung perkalian di kelas III SD Negeri 58 Palembang. Penelitian eksperimen kuantitatif (True-Experimental) dengan desain Posttest-Only Control Group Design ini dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2025/2026 (21–23 Mei 2026). Sampel penelitian ditentukan melalui teknik cluster random sampling, terdiri atas 21 siswa kelas III B sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 24 siswa kelas III A sebagai kelas kontrol. Data dikumpulkan melalui instrumen tes hasil belajar kognitif berbentuk pilihan ganda yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, uji homogenitas Levene, serta uji hipotesis Independent Sample t-Test berbantuan IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan performa kognitif yang signifikan pada kelas eksperimen dengan capaian nilai rata-rata posttest sebesar 83,81 (ketuntasan 91,30%), jauh melampaui kelas kontrol yang memperoleh nilai rata-rata 50,42 (ketuntasan 25,00%). Uji hipotesis menghasilkan nilai p=0,001<0,05, sehingga H_0 ditolak dan H_a diterima. Transformasi pemahaman ini membuktikan bahwa manipulasi objek visual pada papan perkalian efektif membantu siswa memahami konsep perkalian sebagai penjumlahan berulang secara konkret dan menyenangkan. Dengan demikian, media papan perkalian terbukti berpengaruh signifikan dan efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi operasi hitung perkalian di sekolah dasar.    

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