Singlet sector of the vector model with angular potential

Abstract

We study the singlet sector of large-$N$, $O(N)$ vector model on $S^1_\beta\times S^2_r$ in presence of an angular potential $\Omega$. We compute the free energy of the model both at the free fixed point as well as the non-trivial fixed point. The model undergoes a phase transition when the temperature $T$ and angular potential attain the relation $T^2r^2\sim N (1-\omega^2)$, where $\omega=r\Omega$ and $r$ is the radius of $S^2$, with $Tr\gg1$, at both the fixed points, with different numerical coefficients. The transition was studied earlier at zero angular potential at $Tr\sim \sqrt{N}$. The holonomy eigenvalue distribution, having support on the full circle below the transition, develops a gap above it, called the Gross-Witten-Wadia transition. The angular potential introduces an additional parameter to such a transition, tuning it, the transition can occur even at a fixed temperature. We show that for the free model transition can occur as $1-\omega^2\sim 1/N$ while $Tr\sim O(1)$. For the interacting model the computation is performed at a limit $Tr\gg1$, thus we show the same at a large but fixed temperature which does not scale as $\sqrt{N}$. In the ungapped phase, the free energy exhibits a double pole near $\omega^2=1$ for both the fixed points. This is possibly due to the fact that the theory projected onto the singlets is non-local and therefore need not obey the leading simple pole scaling of a local thermal effective action.