Factors Influencing Human Papillomavirus Information Level and Vaccination Decision Among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Screening and vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) play a critical role in preventing cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess nursing students’ knowledge of HPV, their vaccination status, and the factors influencing their level of knowledge. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online through Google Forms with participation from 593 nursing students. Data were collected using the HPV Knowledge Scale (HPV-KS). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and normality was assessed with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. As the data were not normally distributed, non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis) were used for group comparisons. Effect sizes were calculated. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean HPV-KS total score was 13.06±6.47. Among the students, 89% had prior knowledge about HPV, 81.8% about HPV screening, and 86.7% about HPV immunization. The HPV-KS total score differed significantly according to age, father's education level, place of residence, academic year, and opinions regarding the inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization schedule. No significant differences in total HPV-KS scores were observed according to gender, mother's education level, perceived income status, or HPV vaccination status. Gender was associated only with the HPV test/screening knowledge subscale, with higher scores among female students. Discussion and Conclusion: Nursing students demonstrated insufficient knowledge and low vaccination rates regarding HPV. Integrating the HPV vaccine into the national immunization schedule and providing it free of charge may enhance awareness and contribute to preventing HPV-related diseases.