Jul 2026· International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology· Vol 16· 0 citations· 4 references
TL;DR
The methanolic leaf extract of Cedrus deodara exhibits potent nephroprotective activity against lead-induced toxicity, which effectively normalizes key renal clearance biomarkers and preserves microstructural tissue integrity, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic option.
Abstract
Background: The kidneys are highly susceptible to chemical-induced injury due to their
substantial blood supply and solute-concentrating role. This study evaluated the protective efficacy
of the methanolic leaf extract of Cedrus deodara against lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in
Wistar rats.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Group 1 served as the normal
control. Group 2 (disease control) received lead acetate (60 mg/kg p.o.) daily for 4 weeks. Groups
3 and 4 concurrently received lead acetate alongside C. deodara extract at 250 mg/kg and 500
mg/kg (p.o.), respectively. Group 5 received standard EDTA (50 mg/kg p.o.). On day 29, serum
biomarkers (blood urea, BUN, creatinine, and inorganic phosphorus) were quantified, and renal
tissues underwent histopathological examination.
Results: Lead acetate administration caused severe renal impairment, significantly increasing
blood urea (24.33± 2.160 mg/dl, serum creatinine (1.840±0.03742 mg/dl, and inorganic phosphorus
(15.68±0.3189 mg/dl compared to normal controls (p < 0.001). Histopathology confirmed severe
tubular necrosis, hemorrhage, and marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Co-treatment with C.
deodara significantly reversed these biochemical changes (p < 0.001). While both plant doses
normalized creatinine and urea comparably (p > 0.999), the 500 mg/kg dose showed superior
efficacy in reducing inorganic phosphorus (8.520±0.4105 mg/dl over the 250mg/kg dose (p<
0.001). Histopathologically, the treated groups showed an "almost recovered" pyelonephritis
profile with minimal tubular lesions.
Conclusion: The methanolic leaf extract of Cedrus deodara exhibits potent nephroprotective
activity against lead-induced toxicity. It effectively normalizes key renal clearance biomarkers and
preserves microstructural tissue integrity, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic option.
Under the present experimental conditions, FVMF was not supported as a candidate for managing hepatorenal injury; its reported cytotoxic and anticancer activities require separate evaluation.
Okwulu O. J., R. A. Oguntoye, I. Lawal et al.· International Journal of Bio...· 0 citations
S. aethiopicum leaf extract protected against potassium bromate-induced hepatic dysfunction and inflammatory disturbances, supporting its potential as a natural hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory agent.
Okon Victoria Edem, Idam Benedict Umagu, I. Nnah· IAA Journal of Biological Sc...· 0 citations
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate pesticide whose long-term exposure has been linked to renal oxidative stress and structural kidney damage. This study aimed to evaluate the chronic histopathological effects of CPF on the renal cortex and medulla of adult male rabbits and to assess the ameliorative antioxidant efficacy of Vitamin E against this nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult male New Zealand rabbits (mean body weight 2.76 ± 0.19 kg) were randomly allocated into three unequal groups: a Control group (n = 6) receiving distilled water; a CPF group (n = 7) receiving chlorpyrifos orally at 33.3 mg/kg/day; and a CPF + Vitamin E group (n = 7) receiving chlorpyrifos (33.3 mg/kg/day) together with Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day). Treatments were administered once daily by gastric tube for 12 consecutive weeks. Kidneys were then excised, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, sectioned at 5 μm, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and examined by light microscopy. Control kidneys showed normal glomerular and tubular architecture. The CPF group exhibited marked tubular epithelial degeneration, intraluminal cast formation, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration across both the cortex and medulla. Co-administration of Vitamin E markedly attenuated these changes, with visibly reduced inflammatory infiltration, milder tubular degeneration, and fewer intraluminal casts compared with the CPF-only group. Chronic CPF exposure induces significant histopathological nephrotoxicity in rabbits, and co-administration of Vitamin E substantially mitigates this renal damage, supporting its potential use as a protective antioxidant against organophosphate-induced kidney injury.
Hanan el Daffri· AlQalam journal of medical a...· 0 citations
Background: The oxidative stress caused by diabetes mellitus (DM) damages hepatocytes and reduces liver function. In this context, flavonoids and acetogenins found in soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaf have hepatoprotective and antioxidant qualities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of Annona muricata leaf extract on hepatocyte index and hepatic histopathology in diabetic Wistar rats.Methods: In a laboratory experiment, 16 male Wistar rats weighing 100–150 g and aged 2-3 months were given a high-fat diet and an injection of streptozotocin (27.5 mg/kg BW) to induce type 2 diabetes. Rats were placed in a randomized posttest-only control group. For 21 days, these experimental animals were split into two groups at random, namely control (n = 8) receiving aquadest, and treatment group (n = 8) receiving Annona muricata leaf extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to analyze hepatic histopathology, and a quantitative evaluation of hepatocyte index was conducted. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were adopted to assess the data. Results: There was a significant difference (p=0.041) in hepatocyte index between treatment and control groups. Treatment group had less hepatocyte deterioration than the control, according to histopathological scoring (p=0.037).Conclusion: Diabetic Wistar rats treated with Annona muricata leaf extract showed better hepatocyte index and decreased hepatic degeneration, suggesting hepatoprotective potential
Dewa Ayu Agung Alit Suka Astini, Desak Putu Oki Lestari, L. G. Evayanti et al.· The Indonesian Journal of Ga...· 0 citations
Icacina trichantha is widely utilised in traditional medicine in several parts of West Africa for the management of various ailments. However, information regarding its effects on renal function following repeated exposure remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of repeated administration of I. trichantha root ethanolic extract (ITREE) on renal function and kidney histology in male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5). Group I served as the control and received distilled water, while Groups II, III, and IV received 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of ITREE respectively by oral gavage for 28 days. Serum electrolyte concentrations (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, and HCO₃⁻), urea, and creatinine were determined using standard biochemical methods. Kidney tissues were examined histologically using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Significant reductions in serum potassium and chloride concentrations were observed in all ITREE-treated groups compared with the control group. Serum sodium concentration was significantly reduced in the 200 mg/kg bw and 1000 mg/kg bw groups, while bicarbonate concentration decreased significantly at 500 mg/kg bw and 1000 mg/kg bw. Serum creatinine concentrations were significantly lower in all treatment groups compared with the control, whereas serum urea showed a modest reduction only at 500 mg/kg bw. Histological examination revealed preserved renal glomerular and tubular architecture in most treatment groups, although mild interstitial lymphocytic infiltration with congestion was observed in the 200 mg/kg bw group. These findings indicate that repeated administration of ITREE altered serum electrolyte concentrations without producing marked renal structural injury within the duration of the study. Further studies involving longer exposure periods, larger sample sizes, and additional renal biomarkers are recommended to further clarify the renal effects associated with prolonged ITREE exposure.
C. Eseine-Aloja, D. O. Eseine, O. Ugbeni et al.· Scientific African· 0 citations
Phenylhydrazine is a hydrazine derivative widely used experimentally to induce oxidative and haemolytic tissue injury in animal models. This study investigated the ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) leaves on phenylhydrazine-induced gastric toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats (140-220 g) were randomly assigned into five groups of five animals each. Group A (control) received feed and distilled water ad libitum; Group B received phenylhydrazine only (40 mg/kg); Group C received ethanolic extract of A. esculentus only (100 mg/kg); Group D received phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg) co-administered with the extract (100 mg/kg); and Group E received phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg) co-administered with a higher dose of the extract (200 mg/kg). Administration was carried out daily by oral cannula for 21 days. Body weight, relative stomach weight, and gastric histoarchitecture were assessed at the end of the study. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract, determined by Lorke's method, exceeded 5000 mg/kg, indicating a wide margin of safety. Rats induced with phenylhydrazine alone (Group B) showed a non-significant reduction in body weight and relative stomach weight, alongside severe histological gastric ulceration with marked inflammatory cell infiltration of the submucosa. Co-administration of the extract with phenylhydrazine (Groups D and E) was associated with visibly reduced ulceration and progressively improved mucosal healing relative to Group B, with the higher extract dose (Group E) showing the more advanced histological recovery. These findings suggest that ethanolic extract of A. esculentus exerts a dose-related gastroprotective and ameliorative effect against phenylhydrazine-induced gastric injury, supporting its potential as a dietary adjunct in the management of oxidative gastric mucosal damage.
E. O. Nweke, Benedict Onyekachukwu Ekwuno, A. Obi et al.· IPS Journal of Basic and Cli...· 1 citation
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
