Keabsahan Klausula Penghangusan Sisa Kuota Internet Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 273/PUU-XXIII/2025

Abstract

Abstrak Penggunaan layanan internet dalam kehidupan masyarakat menempatkan hubungan antara pengguna dan penyelenggara telekomunikasi sebagai hubungan hukum yang semakin penting. Dalam praktiknya, layanan internet umumnya diberikan melalui perjanjian baku yang memuat ketentuan mengenai volume kuota dan masa berlaku paket. Salah satu klausula yang menimbulkan persoalan adalah ketentuan bahwa sisa kuota internet yang belum digunakan akan berakhir atau hangus ketika masa berlaku paket berakhir. Persoalan tersebut memperoleh dimensi konstitusional baru setelah Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui Putusan Nomor 273/PUU-XXIII/2025 memaknai secara bersyarat Pasal 28 ayat (1) dalam Pasal 71 angka 2 Lampiran Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 dengan mewajibkan penyelenggara menyediakan pilihan layanan yang menjamin sisa kuota pengguna tetap aktif dan dapat digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keabsahan klausula penghangusan sisa kuota berdasarkan hukum perjanjian dan perlindungan konsumen serta menganalisis implikasi Putusan MK terhadap keberlakuannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan sifat deskriptif-analitis dan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, serta kasus. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui interpretasi gramatikal, sistematis, dan teleologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klausula penghangusan tidak dapat dinilai sah hanya berdasarkan persetujuan formal konsumen. Keabsahannya harus diuji terhadap syarat sah perjanjian, asas itikad baik, keseimbangan kontraktual, larangan klausula baku yang merugikan konsumen, serta norma konstitusional hasil pemaknaan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Putusan MK tidak semata-mata menghapus seluruh konsep masa berlaku paket, tetapi mengubah standar legalitasnya dengan mewajibkan tersedianya pilihan perlindungan terhadap nilai ekonomi sisa kuota. abstract The use of internet services in daily life has elevated the relationship between users and telecommunications providers to a matter of increasing legal significance. In practice, internet services are typically provided through standard-form contracts containing terms regarding data quotas and package validity periods. A contentious issue arises from provisions stating that unused data quotas expire or are forfeited once the package's validity period ends. This issue took on a new constitutional dimension after the Constitutional Court—via Decision Number 273/PUU-XXIII/2025—issued a conditional interpretation of Article 28 paragraph (1) (as found in Article 71 point 2 of the Appendix to Law Number 6 of 2023). The Court mandated that providers offer service options ensuring that users' remaining quotas remain active and usable. This study aims to analyze the validity of quota forfeiture clauses under contract law and consumer protection principles, as well as the implications of the Constitutional Court's decision on their enforceability. The research employs a normative-juridical method with a descriptive-analytical nature, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. Legal materials were analyzed qualitatively through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretations. The findings indicate that a forfeiture clause cannot be deemed valid solely based on the consumer's formal consent. Its validity must be assessed against the requirements for a valid contract, the principle of good faith, contractual balance, prohibitions against standard clauses that disadvantage consumers, and the constitutional norms established by the Constitutional Court's interpretation. The Court's decision does not entirely abolish the concept of package validity periods; rather, it alters the standard of legality by mandating the availability of options to protect the economic value of remaining quotas.