Jul 2026· Current Cancer Therapy Reviews· Vol 22· 0 citations
TL;DR
The integration of TME-targeted and individualized therapeutic strategies may offer promising prospects toward achieving durable clinical outcomes in breast cancer treatment.
Abstract
Among the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, breast
cancer presents fundamental challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. The
tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising stromal components, signaling molecules, immune
cells, and the extracellular matrix, has demonstrated a pivotal role in tumor progression, invasion, and
therapeutic response. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art and novel
therapeutic strategies developed to reprogram the TME in breast cancer. From clinically established
treatments, such as endocrine therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and HER2-targeted therapy, to
emerging agents, such as siRNA-mediated gene silencing, nanomedicine, and immunotherapy, each
class of therapeutic strategy, along with the corresponding clinical and preclinical outcomes, is detailed
by category. The evidence for and impact of TME heterogeneity and differences in molecular
subtypes on therapeutic efficiency are highlighted, and biomarker-guided patient stratification is further
emphasized to support precision therapy. Mechanistic challenges, such as immunosuppression,
ECM remodeling, and hypoxia-associated resistance, were analyzed, and mechanistic conflicts or
synergistic interactions between strategies were identified. Tumor microbiome modification and AIdriven
discovery of novel biomarkers are presented as emerging perspectives in TME-targeting therapy.
Despite significant advances, translation barriers, such as the lack of predictive biomarkers and
the divergence in therapeutic outcomes between patients and animal models, are critically reviewed
and discussed. The integration of TME-targeted and individualized therapeutic strategies may offer
promising prospects toward achieving durable clinical outcomes in breast cancer treatment.
A comprehensive overview of emerging and targeted therapeutic strategies in colorectal cancer, with emphasis on their molecular basis and clinical relevance, highlights a shift toward precision oncology for improved management of colorectal cancer.
Debgopal Ganguly, Ananta Choudhury, H. Deka et al.· Clinical and Translational O...· 0 citations
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, primarily because of late-stage diagnosis, rapid disease progression, and marked molecular and immunologic heterogeneity. It remains the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, affecting approximately 1 in 70 women in developed countries over their lifetimes. Tumor development and progression are orchestrated within the tumor immune microenvironment, a dynamic and complex structural niche that supports malignant transformation and immune evasion of the tumor. In this narrative educational review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the understanding of ovarian cancer pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms driving tumor progression, and the multifaceted role of the immune system in disease development and therapeutic response. Moreover, we summarize recent clinical trials targeting key molecular drivers and components of the tumor immune microenvironment, including immunotherapeutic and targeted approaches. Personalized medicine, guided by integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiling, has become increasingly vital for patient stratification and treatment selection. Ultimately, a shift toward highly individualized, mechanism-based therapeutic strategies is essential to improve clinical outcomes and survival in ovarian cancer.
B. Vavrušáková, R. Bartošová, M. Hendrych et al.· Discover Oncology· 0 citations
This review summarizes the current knowledge on breast cancer, including its epidemiology, anatomy and biology, etiological factors, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and clinically relevant biomarkers, while highlighting recent advances in antibody-drug conjugates, PARP inhibitors, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, artificial intelligence, and precision medicine.
Subham Kumar Singh, Aditya Rai· GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUT...· 0 citations
Abstract Pancreatic cancer, predominantly represented by Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is one of the most frequent and deadly types of cancer. In contrast with other types of cancer, for which advances in prevention, early detection, and treatment have contributed to decreasing incidence and mortality, PDAC continues to be rarely diagnosed at early stages of the disease and exhibits a poor prognosis. As a consequence, therapeutic efficacy remains limited, which is reflected in high mortality. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies against PDAC is urgent. However, a major component limiting therapeutic efficacy is the highly complex PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME), which is composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts, immunosuppressive cells, cancer stem cells, and a dense extracellular matrix, a structural and biochemical scaffold that sustains tumor development and influences several PDAC phenotypes including metabolism, immune infiltration, metastasis, and therapeutic response. The present review focuses on and discusses the key components of the PDAC TME, with particular emphasis on ECM remodeling, stromal components, their impact on tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, and emerging strategies to target these processes.
B. M. Gomes, P. L. Xavier· Biochemical Society Transact...· 0 citations
This comprehensive review highlights BMBC resistance mechanisms, drawing from preclinical models, clinical studies, and genomic analyses, and highlights the potential for personalized, multi-targeted approaches to improve patient outcomes in BMBC.
Paromita Sarker, Shreyas S Rao· Biochimica et biophysica act...· 0 citations
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer -related morbidity and mortality, characterized by significant biological and molecular heterogeneity. Molecular subtypes —including luminal A, luminal B, HER2 - enriched, and triple -negative—inform prognosis and guide prec ision therapies. Despite advances with endocrine agents, HER2-targeted therapies, PARP inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic resistance remains a major challenge, driven by intratumoral heterogeneity, cancer stem cell plasticity, and tumor microenvironmental factors. Genomic profiling, liquid biopsies, combination and adaptive strategies, and next-generation antibody-drug conjugates are emerging to overcome resistance and optimize outcomes. Additionally, novel immunotherapies and artific ial intelligence (AI) –assisted decision -making support individualized treatment selection. This review summarizes recent advances, from molecular characterization to precision-guided interventions and strategies to counteract resistance, and emphasizes the integration of biological insights into personalized breast cancer management.
