Periodontal Treatment Restores Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Periostin Levels.
Abstract
Background
AND
Aim
To investigate the effect of periodontal treatment on periodontal inflammation and periostin levels in patients with severe periodontitis.
Methods
This study included two groups (periodontitis and periodontally healthy), each comprising 24 individuals. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, and serum samples were collected at baseline and on Days 30 and 90 following non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and on Days 1, 2, 14, 30 and 90 following NSPT. Periostin, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) levels were assessed in serum and GCF samples.
Results
Clinical periodontal parameters decreased from baseline to Days 30 and 90 after NSPT (p = 0.001). Patients with periodontitis had higher levels of IL-1β in serum (p = 0.020) and GCF (p = 0.001) than healthy individuals. Following periodontal treatment, serum IL-1β levels decreased at Days 30 (p = 0.036) and 90 (p = 0.025) while GCF IL-1β levels showed a reduction at Day 14 (p = 0.001). Periostin levels in GCF in patients with periodontitis were lower than in healthy individuals at baseline (p = 0.001). It increased after treatment, reaching peak values on Day 14 (p = 0.001), followed by a gradual decrease on Days 30 (p = 0.007) and 90 (p = 0.001). Levels of FGF-2 in GCF increased after periodontal treatment compared with baseline in patients with periodontitis, reaching peak levels on Day 2 (p = 0.001). Following periodontal treatment, periostin and FGF-2 levels remained higher in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group (p < 0.05), whereas IL-1β levels decreased to levels comparable to those of the healthy group by Day 30 (p ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion
In parallel with the reduction in periodontal tissue inflammation and IL-1β, periostin levels in GCF increased in response to periodontal treatment, suggesting its involvement in tissue healing in patients with periodontitis.