Fair Charging under Grid Constraints: A Receding-Horizon Game Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Parks

Abstract

The large-scale deployment of electric vehicles poses significant challenges for distribution grids, particularly in charging parks with limited network capacity. This paper proposes a fair and grid-aware charging management system based on a receding-horizon game formulation. The coordinated charging problem is modeled as a variational generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE), enabling the allocation of charging power among self-interested vehicles under shared grid constraints. Individual objectives capture price signals, charging smoothness, and terminal energy targets, while electricity network limits are explicitly enforced. In a practice-oriented weekly scenario with limited charging infrastructure, the method enforces the transformer constraint at all times and shows that a 2 h charging-time policy eliminates severe shortfalls above 16 kWh, at the cost of higher shortfalls for some vehicles. These results indicate that the proposed receding-horizon v-GNE formulation provides a transparent mechanism for grid-compliant and fairness-oriented charging coordination.